Agricultural Change - Collectivisation Stage 2 1930-41

Question 1

How was this stage different to stage 1?

Answer 1

-new drive to collectivisation at a slower pace

Question 2

What was this stage accompanied by?

Answer 2

-est 2500 machine tractor stations to provide seed
-maintain + hire machinery to Kolkhozes — mechanisation

Question 3

What was the other purpose of the machine tractor stations?

Answer 3

-ensure quotes collected
-control countryside by dealing with troublemakers

Question 4

What were the massive problems with the implementations of stage 2?

Answer 4

-‘dekulakisation’ - inhumane + removed C.10m most successful farmers
-grain + livestock destroyed - 30% cattle, pigs, sheep slaughtered 1929-33

Question 5

What did unrealistic procurement quotas lead to?

Answer 5

-peasants forced hand over all their grain in some areas
-grain output not exceed pre-collectivisation levels until after 1935

Question 6

What was the downside to the collectives in terms of organisation?

Answer 6

-often poorly organised + party activists who helped est them knew nothing of farming
-too few tractors, insufficient animals pull ploughs + lack of fertilisers

Question 7

What happened in Oct 1931?

Answer 7

-drought hit many agri areas
-combined with kulak deportations - severe drop food production led to famine spring 1932

Question 8

What did the law of August 1932 do?

Answer 8

-anyone who stole from collective jailed for 10yrs
-further decrees gave 10yr sentences for attempt sell meat or grain before quotas filled
-internal passports brought to stop peasants leaving collectives

Question 9

What was the reaction from the peasants to this law?

Answer 9

-peasants referred to collectivisation as the ‘second serfdom’

Question 10

What happened to peasant incentive to work?

Answer 10

-supposed receive share of profits of their collective farm but were non-existent
-little incentive to work

Question 11

What was the peasantry’s only interest?

Answer 11

-their private plots - grow food sell in market
-gov allowed this as food desperately needed
-52% veg + 70% meat produced this way

Question 12

What were the success of collectivisation?

Answer 12

-Ind workforce fed + exports of grain increased
-many peasants escaped countryside to swell workforce in towns

Question 13

What were the limitations?

Answer 13

-such achievements made at expense of peasants
-they endured upheaval that destroyed their way of life
-forced to starve + die in interests of ‘econ socialism’