Aging & Disease

Question 1

list effects of aging

Answer 1

• neurons/glial cells die & not replaced
• neuron loss of cerebral cortex causing slower processing & movement
• memory diminishes
• # of fibrils increase with age

Question 2

define SEIZURE

Answer 2

abnormal electrical activities

Question 3

s/s: SEIZURE

Answer 3

uncontrollable muscle contractions/loss of awareness

Question 4

define EPILEPSY

Answer 4

chronic abnormal electrical activity

Question 5

cause & s/s: EPILEPSY

Answer 5

cause: unknown
s/s: mild/severe seizures

Question 6

define ENCEPHALITIS

Answer 6

inflammation of brain

Question 7

cause & s/s: ENCEPHALITIS

Answer 7

cause: virus/bacteria/chemical agent
s/s: fever, vomiting, coma

Question 8

define MENINGITIS

Answer 8

serious inflammation of meninges

Question 9

cause & s/s: MENINGITIS

Answer 9

cause: bacteria enter ear/nose/throat
s/s: headache, stiff neck, vomiting

Question 10

define HYDROCEPHALUS

Answer 10

more CSF made than absorbed

Question 11

s/s: HYDROCEPHALUS

Answer 11

increased ICP & head enlargement

Question 12

define STROKE/CERBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT

Answer 12

clot blocks vessel/vessel breaks

Question 13

cause & s/s: STROKE/CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT

Answer 13

cause: ischemia in brain
s/s: aphasia

Question 14

describe TUMORS

Answer 14

more common in young & middle age; gliomas from neuroglia don’t metastasize

Question 15

define EPIDURAL HEMATOMA

Answer 15

bleeding between dura mater & skull

Question 16

cause: EPIDURAL HEMATOMA

Answer 16

skull fracture

Question 17

define SUBDURAL HEMATOMA

Answer 17

tear in wall of dural sinus

Question 18

define INTRACEREBRAL HEMATOMA

Answer 18

bleeding into braintissue

Question 19

define CEREBRAL CONCUSSION/MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

Answer 19

transient alteration in brain function from head trauma

Question 20

define POST CONCUSSION SYNDROME

Answer 20

symptoms after month/more after injury

Question 21

cause & s/s: CEREBRAL PALSY

Answer 21

cause: brain damage before/during birth
s/s: muscular disorders (weakness/paralysis)

Question 22

define ALZEHIMER’S DISEASE

Answer 22

unexplained degeneration of cerebral cortex & hippocampus

Question 23

s/s: ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Answer 23

gradual intellectual impairment, mood changes, confusion, memory loss –> severe intellectual impairment

Question 24

define MULTI-INFARCT DEMENTIA

Answer 24

accumulation of brain damage

Question 25

cause & S/s: MULTI-INFARCT DEMENTIA

Answer 25

cause: chronic ischemia
s/s: progressive loss of memory, judgement, & cognitive function

Question 26

define PARKINSON’S DISEASE

Answer 26

gradual cell death in part of brain making dopamine

Question 27

s/s: PARKINSON’S DISEASE

Answer 27

tremors, rigidity of joints, slow movement, & impaired balance

Question 28

describe HUNTINGTON’S CHOREA

Answer 28

degenerative neural disorder of basal nuclei causing rapid involuntary muscle activity & mental deterioration; apparent @ 40 yrs & leads to death within 15 yrs

Question 29

define BELL PALSY

Answer 29

facial paralysis generally on 1 side of face

Question 30

cause: BELL PALSY

Answer 30

cranial nerve VII damage

Question 31

define NEURALGIA

Answer 31

nerve pain

Question 32

define TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA

Answer 32

sudden intense/unpredictable pain on 1 side on face

Question 33

use: TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA

Answer 33

pressure on/deterioration of trigeminal nerve