Agile Questions Flashcards
First principle of agile
customer satisfaction as highest priority and delivering products and services to delight customers
what is organizational change management
essential to for implementing and transforming practices
individual and interactions over…?
…processes and tools
working software over….?
….comprehensive documentation
customer collaboration over….?
contract negotiation
responding to change over…?
…following a plan
agile is... an approach mindset practice technique framework
all of them
focuses on lean thinking
Kanban
less prescriptive, less disruptive, start with relative ease
Kanban
Started at Toyota Manufacturing
Kanban
4 project life cycles
- predictive
- iterative
- incremental
- agile
Which life cycle focuses on speed and delivery?
Incremental life cycle
Which life cycle most focuses on customer feed back and solution correctness?
Iterative
Which life cycle includes both incremental and iterative life cycles?
Agile Life cycle
Which life cycle(s) has only 1 delivery?
Predictive and Iterative
Which life cycle(s) have multiple deliveries?
Incremental and Agile
Which life cycle has certainty around requirements?
Predictive
Which life cycle has activities in a serial manner?
Predictive
Which life cycle focuses on solution correctness and values customer feedback?
Iterative
Which life cycle focuses on small and frequent deliveries?
incremental and agile
Which life cycle require requirements to change?
Iterative, incremental, agile
When are the requirements discovered during an agile life cycle project?
ongoing
What is flow based agile?
pull items from backlog and work on them based on capacity rather than time boxes and iterations
What is iteration base agile?
use time box of same size, each timebox results in working features
How do you start an agile project in an organization?
start with iterations and then incremental techniques,
start on less risky projects with low-med uncertainty
What should you do when work demand is unsteady?
Use timebox approach, use flow based agile for flexibility
What should you do when the product quality is low?
Use test driven development practices such as XP
What should you do to increase rate of process improvement?
Hold retrospectives more frequently.
What should you do when more than one agile team is needed?
Use agile scaling frameworks
What should you do when members are inexperienced in agile?
Train members on agile mindset and principles.
Who manages an agile teams work processes and product development?
The team
What are the responsibilities of a servant leader?
- educate stake holders
- mentor, encourage, support, advocate for team find training opportunities
- help with technical management activities and quantitative risk analysis
- celebrate team successes
What is the ideal agile team size?
3-9 members
What is the ideal geographic location for agile members and their availability ?
colocation, 100% dedicated to one project
Who assigns work on the agile team to other members?
the team members themselves
What is one way a team can collaborate and expediate work?
limit WIP
What is pairing?
pairing two team members to work simultaneously on the same work item, one programmer writes the code while the other programmer reviews the code, allows for just in time feedback
What is swarming?
technique in which multiple team members focus collectively on resolving a specific impediment
What is mobbing?`
a technique in which multiple team members focus simultaneously and coordinate their contributions on a particular work item.
What has occurred when a team realizes its assumptions are no longer valid and the project is far along?
team has fallen into a mini-waterfall
Who are the team members of an agile project?
- cross functional team members
- product owner
- team facilitator
What does the product owner do in an agile project?
provides guiding direction pf product
ranks the product backlog based on business value
decides which features to work on next
What are types of team faciliators ?
servant leaders, project managers, scrum masters
What type of people have specialty in one domain?
I shaped
What type of people are specialized but also have other skills, have aptitude, collaborate with other departments?
T-shaped people
Who are generalized specialists?
T-shaped people
What is fishbowl?
Have video conference all day while working with other team members located in different places
What is remote pairing?
When you share screens, video, and audio with team members dispersed geographically.
What is refactoring?
A product quality technique where the design of the product is improved by enhancing its maintainability and other attributes without altering its expected behavior.
What is rolling wave planning?
An iterative planning technique in which the work in the near term is planned in detail and work later is planned at a higher level.
What is pair programming?
Pair work that is focused on programming.
If you have a large team what can you do?
break into smaller teams use program management to synchronize and coordinate
What agile practices can you use for large teams?
Safe, DA, LESS, Scaled Agile
What is a way to manage dispersed teams for effective communication?
Have face to face meetings, round robin for consensus and participation
What is the recommended way to meet with dispersed large teams?
small meetings with 2 or 3 ppl at a time frequently
When would you use iteration based agile based on geogrpahy?
When the team is dispersed
What does an agile team need at a minimum to begin implementing?
Project vision, purpose, and clear set of working agreements
What is in the team charter?
team values (pace, core hours)
working agreements,
definitions of “ready”, “done”
ground rules
When do retrospectives occur?
As frequently as needed
What should a team do when the they are stuck and the completed work is not flowing?
hold a retrospective
Who does the backlog prepartion?
Product owner
What happens during the the backlog preparation?
Listing of all the work, not all stories but enough to get started
What technique can be used for backlog refinement?
impact mapping
Who refines the backlog?
Product owner with team
What happens during backlog refinement?
Prepare stories for the next iteration, and estimate story sizing relative to each other
If the product owner is unsure of the dependencies in the product backlog, what can he ask the team to do?
spike
What is a spike?
A short time interval during the project where the team conducts research or prototypes an aspect of the solution to prove its viability.
How long should a team spend per week refining the backlog?
1 hour per week
Why could the team be spending more than 1 hour refining the backlog?
the team members dont have the skill/experience to evaluate the work
the product owner may be over preparing
How long are the daily stand ups?
15 minutes
What are the 3 things discussed in the daily stand up?
- work done since last stand up
- what work will be done until next stand up
- impediments in the way
What happens during the a timebox (sprint) review?
Team showcases the work done in the spring to the product owner for approval/acceptance
feedback is provided
What agile approach has:
- continuous integration
- test at all levels
- acceptance test-driven development
- test driven development and behavior driven development
XP
When do you write the tests before the writing/creating the product?
Test driven development, behavior driven development
When do you do system level testing, end to end information testing, unit testing for all building blocks?
Test at all levels
What is continuous integration in XP?
incorporation to the product as a whole then retest to ensure product still works
When does the team get together to write acceptance criteria, create test, write
test, and automate tests?
acceptance test-driven development
In flow base agile, what is used instead of velocity?
Lead time, cycle time, response time
What is a way to calculate SPI in agile?
SPI = completed features/planned features
What is way to calculate CPI in agile?
CPI = EV/AC
What happens when a team doesnt complete all stories in a sprint?
It gets moved to the next sprint
What is cycle time?
Time from when an item gets worked on until it is delivered to the customer
What is lead time?
Time from when an item gets added to when it gets delivered to the customer.
What is response time?
The time from which an items gets added to when work gets started. (wait time for it to get started)
Which contracting technique has a lightweight SOW while fixed items like warranties, abirritation are in a MSA?
Multi tiered structure
What contracting technique uses milestones and payment terms based on value driven deliverables?
value delivered
What contracting technique limits financial risk for the seller?
Fixed price increments
Which contracting technique decomposes the scope into fixed price micro deliverables?
fixed price increments
What contracting technique limits risk on one deliverable?
fixed price increments
What contracting technique is good for both the seller and buyer?
Not to exceed time and materials
What is a not to exceed time and materials contract?
Limits over all budget to fixed amount, customer can add requirements but needs to swap out current work for new work
What contracting technique has shared financial risk?
Graduated time and materials
What contracting technique rewards the seller if they finish the work early, or penalizes the work if they finish late?
Graduated time and materials
What contracting technique limits customer financial impact?
Easy cancellation option
What contracting technique should be used if the customer finds sufficient value is done half through the project and the does not need the rest of the project done?
Easy cancellation option
What contracting technique allows for the customer to change the scope at predetermined times during the project?
Dynamic scope
What contracting technique is the most collaborative?
team augementation
What contracting technique is used when the supplier is embedded in the customers company?
team augmentation
What contracting technique is used when the supplier work is based on what needs to be done as opposed to a defined scope?
team augmentation
What contracting technique focuses on engagements that deliver all the work (value)?
Favoring full-service suppliers
What are the scrum artifacts?
- product backlog
- spring backlog
- increments
Which agile approach uses weekly and quarterly cycles?
XP
Which agile approach is based on software development method with very frequent cycles and uses the following practice areas: organizational, technical, planning, integration?
XP
What does Kanban stand for?
Visual sign
Which agile approach uses colors based on weights to determine methodology to use?
Crystal
Which agile approach recognizes that different teams will perform differently depending on team size, criticality, and priority of the project and encourages users to adapt the framework for their individual situation?
Crystal
Which agile approach uses small sprints and Kanban boards?
Scrumban
Which agile approach has a chief architect, dev manager, chief programmer, class owner, domain expert?
FDD - feature driven devlopement
Which agile approach is constraint diven?
Dynamic Systems Development Method
Which agile approach is an iterative, incremental approach that is largely based on the Rapid Application Development (RAD) methodology?
Dynamic Systems Development Method - DSDM
What does Agile Unified Process ( AUP) focus on?
developing business application software using agile techniques and concepts, accelerated cycles and less heavy processes
What is Scrum of Scrums?
2 or more scum teams need to coordinating their work, reps from each time meet to discuss
What is Scaled Agile Framework?
scaling agile development across all levels (systems thinking, economic view )
What is Large Scale Scrum?
extends Scrum with scaling guidelines and preserves scrum purposes,
When several teams are using scrum to a common goal
What is enterprise scrum?
Scum is applied as a holistic approach at the enterprise level as opposed to on an org level
What is disciplined agile (DA)?
Uses best agile best practices into one model, blends techniques together
- simplified processes decisions around incremental and solution delivery
What is a Kaizen event?
events aimed at improving the system
Which agile approach does the service request master belong to?
Kanban
What is single loop learning?
solve problems by using specific predefined methods, without challenging methods even with experience
What is technical debt?
The deferred cost of work done at an earlier point the product life cycle. not doing work earlier on when needed, due to time constraints-> may result in rework
What is scope creep?
changes, continuous or uncontrolled growth in a project’s scope, at any point after the project begins. This can occur when the scope of a project is not properly defined, documented, or controlled.
What is impact mapping?
What is value stream?
flow of value to customers through delivery of products and services
What is value stream mapping?
flow of information of materials required to produce a product
Which technique may be useful for learning and maybe used in a circumstance such as estimation, acceptance criteria definition, and understanding the flow of a user’s action through the product?
Spike
What requirements should be chosen first for prototyping?
Simpler and clearer, but valuable requirements should be used for prototyping
What is an indirect feature of agile methods?
Rapid feature development
Which agile technique helps with quality and why?
Rapid feature development. If the team does not pay attention to quality, it will be impossible to release anything.
Before attempting to tailor agile methodologies, care must be taken to ensure …?
tailoring is done by experienced agile practitioner who have been successful in agile practices
Would sprint be cancelled if the features are no longer required?
No
What happens in a sprint if the features being developed are no longer needed?
Pull from the backlog and work on the next features
When would a sprint be cancelled?
If the project is cancelled
