Aggression And Social Facilitation Flashcards
What is hostile aggression ?
Aim to harm or inflict injury
Playing outside the rules of the game
Involves anger
E.g. fighting
What is channelled/ instrumental aggression ?
Aim is to execute skill but intention still to harm
Playing within the rules of the game
No angry thought
E.g. boxing
What is assertion aggression ?
Use of legal aggression to intimidate opponent
Putting fear and doubt into the opponents mind
No intention to harm no anger
E.g. hard tackle
What are some antecedents of aggression?
Partisan Crowd= crowd heavily in favour of the other team, aggression develops from frustration towards crowd
Temperature = hot or humid become increasingly hostile
Officials = players thinking they have made a bad call ( subjective)
Rivalry = Knowing the opponent and past experience with them
Scoreline
Arousal = Normallt in contact sport
Morals of a player = if player has lower morals, more likely to be aggressive
What are the 4 strategies to control aggression ?
Punish aggressive play
Reinforce assertive play
Reduce arousal levels
Avoid aggressive situations
How can individuals, coaches, refs and governing bodies punish aggressive play?
Individual - calling out other teammates
Coach - Sub off aggressive players
Refs - Yellow /Red cards, send off
Governing Bodies - Fine, ban players
How do different groups reinforce assertive play ?
Individual - praise and encouragement to teammates
Coach - positive praise at half time
Refs - Speak to coaches at the end, encourage through report
Governing bodies - FairPlay awards
How do different groups reduce arousal levels ?
Individuals - use of cognitive arousal reducing techniques
Coach - pull players aside and talk to them
Refs - Remove player from situation and calm them down
Governing bodies - educate players and coaches
How do different groups avoid aggressive play ?
Individuals - Mark another player
Coach- Play another team
Refs - Send off aggressive player s
Governing bodies - Ban aggressive players
Explain the social learning theory
- aggression is learnt behaviour
- Learnt from watching and imitating role models
- If the behaviour is rewarded, it is more likely to be copied
- Nurtured through environmental forces
How is the Social Learning Theory applied to sporting context ?
If a parent was to fight whilst playing sports and their son was watching, they will try to imitate and start a fight when they play rugby as well
Explain the Instinct and Catharsis theory
- Innate drive and natural instinct
- Humands act aggressively in an attempt to dominate as it is a reaction when feeling threatened
- Emotions cause it and energy is released in aggressive acts
- Pent up hostility needs to be released and IT IS NEEDED!
How does the Instict theory relate to sport?
People who are more likely to be aggressive are put into kick boxing and martial arts in order to let it out in legal ways
Explain the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
Works as a timeline
1) there is a goal to achieve
2) obstacle to goal ( player, ref decision )
3) instinct is to fulfill the frustration
4) As a results become aggressive
5) releasing the aggression either causes success and instant catharsis
Or unsuccessful and goes back to frustration to start the loop over again
Explain the Aggressive Cue theory
-Frustration leads to an increased arousal - may result in aggression
- But aggression only occurs if socially learned cues are present
- frustration and arousal combined with fan encouragement to fight leads to more frequent aggressive acts
