Aggression And Bullying Flashcards
What is the definition of aggression
injurious and destructive behaviour that is socially defined as aggressive on the basis of a variety of factors, some of which reside in the evaluator rather than in the performer
what are the theories of aggression
- trait theory: consistency and stability
- drive theory: Freud
- theological theory: agnostic interactions
- social cognitive theory: modelling etc
- information processing model: social cues and responses
- general aggression model: social, cognitive, personality, developmental and biology of aggression
Outline Eagen and Perry’s conclusion on self-regard and victimisation
Self regard, especially self-perceived social competence within the peer group contributes to victimisation in two ways:
- 1) A belief in not being able to interact effectively with one’s peers leads to an increase in victimisation over time irrespective of any behavioural problems.
- 2) Confidence in being able to interact with one’s peers protects behaviourally at-risk children from becoming victimised.
Outline Forbes et al’s research on the bidirectional relationship of peer victimisation and mental health
Depressive symptoms, anxiety, and peer victimization had small but significant unique bidirectional relationships. All three constructs also uniquely and prospectively predicted poorer life functioning across all domains examined.
what are the types of peer victimisation
physical, verbal, relational and cyber
outline the difference between early and more recent views of peer victimisation
- Earlier views posited that when peer victimization occurred an adverse outcome automatically resulted.
- More recent approaches show that this is an oversimplified view
what are the moderators, mediators and outcomes for abuse
Moderators: severity and family support
Mediators: psychological processes, coping, attribution of blame, self-efficacy
outcomes: depression, aggression, internalising, externalising
Behavioural reactions related to victimisation
passive victims: submissive etc
provocative victim: disruptive etc
peer factors related to victimisation
status in the peer group, minority status, few friends, poor quality friendships
family factors related to victimisation
overprotected children, enmeshed relationships, poor-parent child communication patterns
school factors related to victimisation
bullying is not taken seriously, bystanders not feeling supported when they report bullying, no clear procedures for handling bullying
what are the possible psychological outcomes of peer victimisation
depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, acting out, school refusal and loneliness, suicidal ideation
Outline Barchia and Bussey’s research into factors influencing depressive victimisation outcomes
Children who were victimized more ruminated more, and this led to greater depression.
Is the negative impact of victimisation inevitable?
Not every child at school will be bullied and not every child who is bullied will suffer the same negative outcome.
Factors which attenuate the negative psychological impact of victimisation
coping skills and coping self-efficacy
The greater the level of victimization the ____ able children were to use the coping self-efficacy strategies.
less