Aggression Flashcards
Define:
Hostile aggression
- Impulsive aggressive behaviour
- Accompanied by physiological reactions
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Instrumental aggression
- Planned, proactive aggression
- Not accompanied by physiological reactions
Define:
Violent aggression
Involving physical force
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Verbal aggression
Non-physical aggressive behaviour
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Causes of aggression
- Hormones
- Priming
- Genetics
- Modeling
- Hostile attribution bias
Strengths of cognitive priming for aggression
- Media can prime aggressive behavour
- Fischer + Greitemeyer (2006) - Derogatory song lyrics
- Priming correlates with agression
Weaknesses of cognitive priming for aggression
Does not prove that these factors are the cause of aggression
Strengths of HAB for aggression
- Studies have found a link between HAB and aggression
- Orobio De Castro (2002)
Significant link between HAB and aggression in children - Healy (2015)
Mothers with HAB had more aggressive children
Weaknesses of HAB for aggression
- Research only shows correlation not causation
Define:
Gender role norms
Expected behaviour based on gender norms and assumptions
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Cultural norms
Expected behaviour based on cultural norms and assumptions
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Institutional aggression
Expected aggressive behaviour in certain institutions
Strengths of conformity in aggression
- Research shows aggression linked to culture of honour
- Don Cohen (1996) - Bumped into males from northern/southern US - Southern states more aggressive
Weaknesses of confirmity in aggression
- Debate over biology vs. norms
- Increased testosterone led to more aggression in males + females
Define:
Gender stereotypes
Fixed view of someone based on their gender
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Racial/ethnic stereotypes
Fixed view of someone based on their race/ethnicity
Strength of stereotypes in aggression
- Stereotype of black people being aggressive
- Glackson + Preston-Schreck - black reality TV contestants portrayed as more aggressive
Weakness of stereotypes in aggression
- Not all reasearch shows that gender stereotypes are linked with percieved aggression
- Stewart-Williams (2002) - Students read descriptions of aggressive acts, men not seen as more aggressive in similar acts
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Desensitisation
People become less shocked by violence as they are exposed to more of it
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Disinhibition
Normal restraints on violence are loosened after exposure
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Types of reward
- Tangible
- Social status
Define:
Tangible reward
A physical and observable reward
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Social status as a reward
Non physical, social reward
Strengths of operant conditioning for aggression
- Strong evidence that children learn aggressive behaviour
- Models do not have to be real - can be TV, films, games, etc.
- Helps to understand and prevent development of aggressive behaviour
Weaknessess of operant conditioning for aggression
- Hard to explain repeated hostile aggression - will not be rewarded
- Hostile aggression better explained by biological approach
Male sexual jealousy
- Male retention strategies
- Direct guarding
- Negative inducement
Define:
Male retention strategies
Men take aggressive measures to keep partner
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Direct guarding
Monitoring partners behaviour to prevent her from meeting others
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Negative inducement
Threats of violence or other consequences
Brain structures in aggression
- Amygdila
- Orbitofrontal cortex
Define:
Amygdila
Part of the brain that responds to enviromental threats
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Orbitofrontal cortex
Involved in rational thinking and impulse control
Neurochemistry in aggression
- Serotonin
- Dopamine
- Testosterone
Define:
Serotonin in aggression
Levels in the orbotofrontal cortex involved in self control
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Dopamine in aggression
Increased levels lead to increased impulsivity
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Testosterone in aggression
Increased levels linked with increased aggression
Genes and aggression
MAOA gene
