Aggression Flashcards
What is aggression?
An act performed with the intent to harm another who wishes to avoid such harm.
What is the difference between direct and indirect aggression?
Direct: physical and verbal attacks
Indirect: attack on social relationships (gossip etc)
What is the difference between Proactive/ instrumental aggression and Reactive/emotional aggression?
Proactive/ instrumental: Harm is inflicted as a means to a desired end.
Reactive/ emotional: Harm is inflicted for its own sake.
What is the frustration- aggression hypothesis?
Frustration (interrupted progress towards an expected goal) elicits the motive to aggress.
What were the factors involved in the study on Frustration? As well as the conclusions?
The Barker study-
Two conditions:
High frustration: Children had to wait to play with toys.
Low frustration: got to play with toys right away.
Conclusion: High frustration led to destructive behaviour.
But frustration does not always produce aggression.
What were the conclusions of the Frustration aggression hypothesis revised?
It’s the negative feelings, not the frustration itself, that can trigger aggression.
Negative feelings can be a result of:
Provocation, pain and heat.
What is the weapon effect?
The presence of weapons can increase the likelihood of aggression.
What were the details of the Weapons effect study?
Two conditions:
People were angered or not angered by receiving 7 shocks or just 1 shock.
Three more conditions:
People were in room containing:
No object
Guns
Badminton racquets
What were the conclusions of the weapon effect study?
When angered with a weapon in sight can lead to an aggressive response.
What is social learning theory?
Observing others affects the likelihood of future aggressive responses.
What were the details of the Bobo doll study for social learning theory?
Boys and girls aged 3-6
Two conditions:
Exposed to same or opposite sex adult who modelled aggressive or non aggressive behaviour towards doll.
They primed the kids for aggression by withholding toys.
They then observed the kids with the bobo doll to check for aggression.
What were the results of the bobo doll study for social learning theory?
There was increased aggression from the children exposed to the modelled aggression from the adults.
They also used novel forms of aggression.
There was a stronger effect when exposed to same sex model.
What were the details of the study on violent media increasing aggression?
Two conditions:
Children were exposed to violent tv show or a non violent tv show.
DV: willingness to hurt another child
Press a help or hurt button.
Conclusions: the children exposed to the violent tv show held down the hurt button for longer.
