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Materials of Construction > Aggregates > Flashcards

Aggregates Flashcards

1
Q

Uses of Aggregates

A
  • Foundations and pavements
  • Embankments and Erosion Protection
  • Major ingredient in Portland Cement Concrete and Asphalt Concrete
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2
Q

Sources of Aggregates

A

Natural and Industrial

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3
Q

Natural Sources

A
  • Gravel pits
  • River run deposit
  • Rock quarries
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4
Q

Industrial Sources

A
  • Slag waste
  • Expanded Shale
  • Recycled asphalt and Portland Cement Concrete
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5
Q

Which type of aggregate is undesirable?

A

Flat and Elongated particles because they have a tendency to break during construction and under traffic

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6
Q

What type of device is used to measure the aggregate dimensional ratio?

A

A proportional caliper

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7
Q

What two types of geometric properties are there?

A

Round and Angular

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8
Q

What does Angularity affect?

A

Interlocking

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9
Q

What does texture affect?

A

Bonding to binder material and interparticle friction

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10
Q

Higher void content =

A

higher angularity and texture

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11
Q

Geometric Properties Affect

A

Aggregate packing (Stability) and mobility of particles with binders (workability)

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12
Q

What is Soundness?

A

The ability for the aggregate to withstand weathering (freeze/thaw resistance) using the sulfate soundness test.

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13
Q

What is the sulfate soundness test?

A

percent loss of materials from an aggregate blend by exposing the aggregate to saturated solutions of sodium or magnesium sulfate followed by oven drying

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14
Q

What is toughness and Abrasion resistance?

A

Resistance to crushing, degradation, and disintegration when stockpiled, mixed with portland cement or asphalt binder, compacted, and exposed to loads. Measured using the LA Abrasian Test (max allow. loss 35 to 45 %)

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15
Q

What are deleterious materials?

A

Clay, shale, organic matter, and coal

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16
Q

How is clay measured?

A

Using a graduated cylinder with a floculating solution which forces the clay to separate from the sand.

17
Q

What is the sand equivalent value?

A

Ratio of the sand height to clay height

18
Q

Unit Weight

A

Weight of Material/volume of material

19
Q

Density

A

mass of material/volume of material

20
Q

Moisture conditions

A

bone dry, air dry, saturated surface-dry, saturated surface-wet

21
Q

Weight of water displaced by aggregate

A

Dry weight - Submerged weight

22
Q

Bulk Volume of the Aggregate

A

Weight Saturated Surface Dry - Submerged Weight

23
Q

Apparent Specific Gravity (Gsa)

A

Wdry/(Wdry-Wsubmerged)

24
Q

Bulk Dry Specific Gravity (Gsb dry)

A

Wdry/(Wssd-Wsubmerged)

25
Q

SSD Specific Gravity (Gssd)

A

Wssd/(Wssd-Wsubmerged)

26
Q

The unit weight increases as the void content

A

decreases

27
Q

% Voids

A

(1-(DRUW)/(Gsb dryUnit weight))100

28
Q

sieves

A

is the number of openings per linear inch

29
Q

Coarse and Fine Aggregate Sieves are separated by

A

4.75 mm

30
Q

Maximum Aggregate Size

A

smallest aggregate size with 100 % passing

31
Q

Nominal Maximum Aggregate Size

A

Smallest sieve through which most of the aggregate passes (85 to 95 %)

32
Q

Asphalt Concrete NMAS

A

One size larger than the first sieve to retain more than 10 %

33
Q

Asphalt Concrete Max

A

One size larger than NMAS

34
Q

What is the maximum density line?

A

Represents gradation that will yield highest density and lowest void content

35
Q

maximum design line equation

A

p = 100*(d/D)^n, p = % passing, d = diameter of interest, D = max aggregate size, n = 0.45 according to the FHWA

36
Q

Why does finer aggregate require more cement paste?

A

Because finer aggregate has more surface area

37
Q

Review Gradation Blending

A

Review Gradation Blending

Materials of Construction (2 decks)

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