Ageing Process

Question 1

What is ageing?

Answer 1

Progressive, generalised impairment of function resulting in loss of adaptive response to disease

Question 2

List 3 things that occurs as a result of ageing

Answer 2

Molecular damage during cell replication
Inactivity, poor diet, inflammation
Reduced resilience

Question 3

What is found at the end of each chromosome arm?

Answer 3

Telomere

Question 4

What does a telomere form?

Answer 4

DNA loop

Question 5

What is the sequence?

Answer 5

TTAGGG

Question 6

A telomere is always the same length?

Answer 6

FALSE - it is of variable length

Question 7

When does a telomere shorten?

Answer 7

With each DNA replication

Question 8

What happens when the telomere becomes too small for replication?

Answer 8

Cell senescence

Question 9

What does telomerase do?

Answer 9

It re-extends shortened telomeres

Question 10

In what type of cells is telomerase active?

Answer 10

Immune and stem cells

Question 11

List 3 things that causes damage to macromolecules.

Answer 11

Ionising radiation
Reactive oxygen species (diet, radiation, inflammation)
Extrinsic toxins

Question 12

What 4 phases occur as a response to cell damage?

Answer 12

Repair
Apoptosis
Senescence
Malignant transformation

Question 13

At what age is damage no longer repair at the same rate that it accumulates?

Answer 13

Reproductive age

Question 14

Repair and maintenance of the body takes a lot of energy?

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What does frailty increase the risk of?

Answer 15

Falls, delirium, death and depression

Question 16

Loss of homeostasis and resilience occurs with…?

Answer 16

AGE