Aged Care Flashcards
1
Q
What are some causes of OP in the elderly? What is an acronym?
A
- SHATTERED:
- steroids
- hypothyroidism/hypoparathyroidism
- alcohol/age
- thin (reduced BMI)
- testosterone low (female)
- early menopause
- renal
- erosive conditions (multiple myeloma)
- dietary/diabetes
2
Q
What screening is performed in post-menopausal women for OP?
A
- minimal trauma fracture of hip you don’t need a DXA to diagnose (baseline)
- minimal trauma at other site you do need a DXA
- >70 screen with DXA every year
- none otherwise.
3
Q
What DXA measurements correlate with osteoporosis?
A
- -1-2.5 T score = osteopenia
- -2.5 = osteoporosis
- standard deviations from the average
4
Q
What is the DSM criteria for Dementia?
A
- cognitive decline (MMSE<24 mild)
- ADLs impact
- exclude delirium and depression.
5
Q
How can you differentiate LBD from other dementias?
A
- fluctuates
- visual hallucinations
- parkinsonianism
6
Q
What are some drawbacks from using MMSE?
A
- cultural bias
- increased cieling effect individuals (may be losing cognitive ability but be able to answer questions)
- language differencts
- no frontal assessment
7
Q
What does HAS BLED stand for? How is it useful?
A
- bleeding risk on those with anticoagulants for AF
- HAS BLED:
- HTN
- Abnormal renal/liver function
- stroke
- bleeding tendency
- labile INRs
- elderly (>65)
- drugs - NSAIDs/alcohol
8
Q
Apply a scheme for interviewing to cousel for a medication. Now apply it to Warfarin counselling.
A
- Action - when (warfarin is taken at night)
- timeline - (bridging clexane initially as bleeding risk goes up)
- how to take it - tablet
- length of time - rest of their lives
- effects - rash, alopecia, nausea
- testing - initially INR everyday for the first week, then 1x a week, given a book to write the INR in
- complications - falls/hit to the head, diet/alcohol/cranberry juice
