Age-Related Degeneration

Question 1

what is AMD

Answer 1

common eye condition

Question 2

how is the ophthalmic test carried out?

Answer 2

. dilating eye drops may be used to widen pupil in order to examine the retina
. OCT machine will then be used where the patient will look in different directions
. the eye is scanned and will only last a few seconds

Question 3

limitations of the ophthalmic test

Answer 3

sensitive to visible lights

Question 4

what is tropicamide ?

Answer 4

a drug which is administered into the eye to temporarily dilate pupils

Question 5

molecular basis of tropicamide?

Answer 5

.An antagonistic drug that binds to and blocks receptors from inducing a cellular response
.They have a complementary but not specific shape to the receptor so they block other molecules from binding without producing a response themselves
.Parasympathetic as the body relaxes and the pupils dilate

Question 6

how does tropicamide help with AMD?

Answer 6

helps to dilate the pupil to help examine the back of the patients eye

Question 7

how does tropicamide help a patient with AMD ?

Answer 7

1.tropicamide is a parasympathetic antagonist which has dilatory effects by acting on the pupillary sphincter muscles to cause relaxation

Question 8

dosage for tropicamide

Answer 8

0.5% of solution between 15-20 mins before examination

Question 9

what is an angiographic test?

Answer 9

X-ray used to examine blood vessels of the eye and the retina

Question 10

method of angiographic test?

Answer 10

1. small canula into vein in hand containing a dye called fluorescein
2. dye travels through blood into blood vessels in eyes
   3.photographs are taken of the eyes as dye passes through

Question 11

what is dry AMD?

Answer 11

exhibit changes in the cell layer underneath the retina

Question 12

what is wet AMD?

Answer 12

may have a fluid build up around the retina and macula

Question 13

how does Ranibizumab help with AMD?

Answer 13

blocks the growth of abnormal blood vessels in the back of the eye which can leak and affect vision loss

Question 14

what is a regular intraocular injection?

Answer 14

effective way to deliver highly targeted drug therapy to the inside of the eye

Question 15

molecular basis of ranibizumab?

Answer 15

1. humanised monoclonal antibody against VEGF (glycoprotein)
2. drug helps prevent the formation of new blood vessels
3. it lacks F c so doesn’t cause inflammation
4. two molecules of it bind to one VEGF (interrupts the interaction of VEGF with its receptors)

Question 16

what is photodynamic therapy?

Question 17

what is a low vision clinic?