Age Of Revolutions Flashcards
Johannes Kepler
•Discoverd Planetary Motion
Nicolaus Copernicus
•Heliocentric Theory
Sun at center of universe
Galileo Galilei
•Used Telescope to help support the heliocentric theory
Issac Newton
•Discoverd Laws Of Gravity
William Harvey
•Discovered Circulation of Blood
Divine Right Theory
•Ruler gets Power Directly From God
Louis XIV
- French Ruler
- Palace of Versailles Built
- Symbol of royal power
Peter The Great
- Russian Ruler
* Wanted to Westernize Russia
Oliver Cromwell
- Leads Rebellion and has Charles I executed
* Lead English Civil War
Glorious Revolution
•William and Mary Come To Throne Peacefully
English Bill Of Rights
•Outlines rights of English Citizens
The Enlightenment
- Applied reason to the human world
- Promoted Religious Tolerance
- Ideas fueled revolutions around the world
- Thomas Jefferson uses Enlightenment ideas( US Constitution, Declaration of Independence…ect )
Thomas Hobbes
- Leviathan
* Believed humans exist in a primitive
John Locke
- Two Treaties on Government
* natural rights life, liberty and property
Montesquieu
- Spirit of Laws
* Separation Of Powers
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- The Social Contract
* Gov. Is Contract between Gov. And the people
Voltaire
•Separation of Church and State
Influence of Enlightenment on US
•Influenced by Enlightenment ideas and success of American Revolution
Causes of French Revolution
- storming of the Bastille
- Reign of terror
- ended reign. Of Louis XVI
Storming of Bastille
•Marks the Beginning of French Revolution
Napoleon
• outcome of French Revolution
-rises to power
•unable to conquer al of Europe
•napoleonic code - laws that apply to all
Johann Bach
•baroque composer
Mozart
•Classical composer
Eugene Delacroix
•Romantic school painter
Cervantes
•Novelist wrote son Quixote (1st novel)
Characteristics of colonial system
- colonial governments mirror as home government
- Catholicism influenced on colonies
- precious metals mined for export to home country
Viceroys
•Colonial officers
Toussaint L’ Ouverture
- led Haitian rebellion against French
* defeated armies of three forgein powers (Spain France Britain)
Simon Bolivar
•liberated northern areas of Latin America
Monroe doctrine
- recognized Latin America nations independent
* tells Europe to stay out of Americas
Congress of Viennas
- creates balance of power in Europe
- Liberalism- belief in more power to the people
- conservatism-belief in power to monarchies
Count Cavor
•unified northern Italy
Garibaldi
•unified southern Italy
Realpolitik
•the ends justify the means
Do whatever it takes to accomplish goals
Otto Von Bismark
•led Prussia in unifying Germany through wars and nationalism
Origin of industrial revolution
•began in England
James Hargreaves
•invents the spinning jenny
James watt
•invents steam engine
Eli Whitney
•invents cotton gin
Henry Bessemer
•steal making process
Edward Jenner
•vaccine for smallpox
Louis Pastuer
•discoverd bacteria and pasteurization
Impact of industrial revolutions
- populations increases
- standard of living improves
- transportation improves
- cities grow
- pollution increases
- education increase
- poor working conditions
Adam Smith
- father of capitalism
* wrote wealth of nations
Factory system
- men compete with women and children for jobs in factories
- child labor cost low and profits high
- owners had a lot of control
- cotton him increases need for slaves
- us and Britain outlaw slave trade and eventually slavery
Karl Marx
- father of communism
* wrote communist manifesto with Frederick Engels and wrote das capital
Capitalism
- creates market competition
* growth of middle class
Purpose of labor unions
•created to increase wages and improve working conditions
Colonies
•completed controlled by mother country
Protectorates
•country that is independent but heavily influenced by mother country
Spheres of Influence
•mother country is in control of a piece (slice) of a colony
Boxer rebellion
•in china to resist colonization
