Age Of Enlightenment Test

Question 1

Who proposed the heliocentric theory?

Answer 1

Nicholas Copernicus

Question 2

What did Francis Bacon develop?

Answer 2

The scientific method

Question 3

What did Isaac Newton explain through the use of mathematics?

Answer 3

The theory of universal gravitation

Question 4

What did the French philosophes promote?

Answer 4

They promoted advancement in society

Question 5

Who is credited with writing the Declaration of Independence?

Answer 5

Thomas Jefferson

Question 6

Whose writings influenced the U.S. Bill of Rights?

Answer 6

Voltaire

Question 7

What is the order of the steps used in the scientific method?

Answer 7

1- careful observation of facts and things 2- development of a hypothesis to explain observations 3- test hypothesis in a variety of ways to prove/disprove it 4- repeated experiments to show the hypothesis as true 5- hypothesis should be considered a scientific law

Question 8

What was Montesquieu’s influence on the U.S. Constitution?

Answer 8

His belief in the rights of the individual and his works influenced the constitution.

Question 9

What was the law of universal gravitation?

Answer 9

That the force of gravity not only prevents objects from flying off the revolving earth, but also holds the entire solar system together.

Question 10

How did the Declaration of Independence embody Enlightenment ideals?

Answer 10

life- Liberty- property

Question 11

What areas of study were advanced during the scientific revolution?

Answer 11

Astronomy, philosophy, human anatomy, chemistry, politics, art/music/literature.

Question 12

Who described how to make artificially carbonated water commercially?

Answer 12

Thomas Henry

Question 13

Who said that violence and disorder came naturally to human beings?

Answer 13

Thomas Hobbes

Question 14

Who built his own telescope to prove that Copernicus was correct about smaller heavenly bodies rotating around larger heavenly bodies?

Answer 14

Galileo Galilei

Question 15

Who showed that the heart pumps blood causing it to circulate through veins in the body?

Answer 15

William Harvey

Question 16

Who advocated for the creation of an assembly of nations committed to world peace?

Answer 16

William Penn

Question 17

Who made groundbreaking discoveries in human anatomy by illegally dissecting human bodies?

Answer 17

Andreas Vesalius

Question 18

Who discovered the existence of oxygen?

Answer 18

Joseph Priestley

Question 19

Who discovered the nature of combustion (fire)?

Answer 19

Antoine Lavoisier

Question 20

Who promoted the idea of the right to life, liberty, and property?

Answer 20

John Locke

Question 21

Who used mathematical formulas to prove that the planets revolve around the sun in an elliptical orbit?

Answer 21

Johannes Kepler

Question 22

Who publicly promoted the idea that the Earth rotated on an axis?

Answer 22

Nicholas Copernicus

Question 23

Who promoted the idea of the ‘general will’ and the ‘common good’ of the people?

Answer 23

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 24

Who supported the idea of the separation of powers?

Answer 24

Baron de Montesquieu

Question 25

Who proved that he existed with the statement 'I think, therefore I am.'?

Answer 25

Rene Descartes

Question 26

Whose study of carbon dioxide (CO2) led to the development of carbonated beverages?

Answer 26

Joseph Priestley

Question 27

Who published his theories on gravity that were inspired by the falling of an apple?

Answer 27

Isaac Newton

Question 28

Whose ideas led to the development of the scientific method?

Answer 28

Francis Bacon

Question 29

Who believed in pacifism and had a U.S. state named after him?

Answer 29

William Penn

Question 30

Who promoted the idea of freedom of speech and is best known for the quote 'I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it'?

Answer 30

Voltaire

Question 31

What did Baron de Montesquieu believe was the best system of government?

Answer 31

Separation of powers - 3 branches, legislative, executive, judicial.

Question 32

Who developed Calculus?

Answer 32

Isaac Newton

Question 33

Whose writings influenced the Declaration of Independence?

Answer 33

John Locke

Question 34

What did Johannes Kepler prove about the planets through the use of mathematics?

Answer 34

He proved that the planets revolved around the sun.

Question 35

Which Danish astronomer set up an observatory to chart the heavenly bodies?

Answer 35

Tycho Brahe

Question 36

Which science tried to turn common metals into precious metals?

Answer 36

Alchemy

Question 37

Name three people from the notes who made discoveries about human anatomy.

Answer 37

Andreas Vesalius, William Harvey, Robert Hooke.

Question 38

Knowledge of human anatomy was based on the work of whom?

Answer 38

Galen

Question 39

What form of government did Thomas Hobbes promote?

Answer 39

Absolute monarchy

Question 40

What did Thomas Hobbes believe about people?

Answer 40

That they were naturally violent and disorderly.

Question 41

What did Nicholas Copernicus propose about the Earth?

Answer 41

1- the earth was round 2- the earth rotated on an axis 3- the earth revolved around the sun 4- the sun was stationary at the center of the universe.

Question 42

What is Deism?

Answer 42

The belief in god but the denouncement of organized faiths. (The faiths exploited people's ignorance and superstitions.)

Question 43

How did Rene Descartes begin his search for knowledge?

Answer 43

He first had to prove that he existed - I think therefore I am.

Question 44

What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau believe about people?

Answer 44

He believed that human beings were naturally good but civilizations and institutions corrupted them.

Question 45

Why was Denis Diderot arrested?

Answer 45

His writings in Encyclopedie criticized the church and praised religious tolerance.

Question 46

Which term describes an agreement between the government and the people that they govern?

Answer 46

Social contract

Question 47

Who was the founder of the American Quaker colony and also advocated pacifism?

Answer 47

William Penn

Question 48

Who forced Galileo to publicly take back his findings about our solar system?

Answer 48

Pope Urban VIII

Question 49

Who established chemistry as a pure science?

Answer 49

Robert Boyle