after midterm 2 Flashcards
(128 cards)
what is the main function of the immune system
protects us from infectious agents and harmful substances
example of innate immunity (non specific internal defences)
physiologic responses (inflammation, fever)
how are antibodies released in adaptive immunity
plasma cells synthesize and release them
what are bacteria
single celled prokaryotes
varied types of bacteria
spherical
rodlike
coiled
some bacteria are _____ while others are ____
harmless
virulent
what do virulent bacteria do
contain pili, capsule, or release toxins or damaging enzymes
examples of virulent bacteria
tetanus
strep
what is a virus
piece of DNA or RNA in a protein shell
what must a virus enter in order to reproduce
a cell
examples of viruses
cold, ebola, chicken pox
what is fungi
eukaryotic cells with membrane and cell wall
examples of fungi
mold, yeast, multicellular fungi that produce spores
what do fungi release and what does this do
release proteolytic enzymes which induces inflammation
what can fungi infect
mucosal linings (ex: yeast infection) or cause internal infections (ex: histoplasmosis - lung infection)
what are protozoans
eukaryotic cells without a cell wall
how are protozoans ingested
by drinking infected water
protozoan disease examples
malaria
trichomoniasis
what are multicellular parasites
nonmicroscopic parasites that take nourishment from host
ex: tapeworm
what are prions
fragments of infectious proteins
-neither cells nor viruses
what do prions do
cause disease in nervous tissue
(ex: mad cow disease - spreads from cows to humans by consuming infected meat)
primary location of:
T & B lymphocytes
macrophages
dendritic cells
NK cells
lymphatic tissue
primary location of alveolar macrophages
select organs
primary location of dendritic cells
skin and mucosal membranes