African tryp

Question 1

synonym

Answer 1

sleeping sickness

Question 2

etio

Answer 2

Etiology.Trypanosoma brucei gambiense causes West Arican sleeping sickness;accounts for 95%of
reported cases.Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense causes East Arican sleeping sickness.

Question 3

vector and reservoir

Answer 3

tse-tse fies.
■ Primaryreservoir.WestAricansleepingsickness:humans.EastAricansleepingsickness:antelope
and cattle.

Question 4

manif

Answer 4

ACUTEINFECTION StageIdisease.Trypanosomal chancre appears in some patients at inocula- tionsite(Fig.29-7);painul;7to14daysa er tse-tse y bite. ypically 2 to 5 cm indurated; mayulcerate;resolvedin ewweeks.Parasites can be seen in uid expressed rom chan- creandbu ycoat.Systemicfndings.Fever, arthralgias,malaise,localized acialedema, and moderate splenomegaly. Lymphadenopa- thy is prominent in T. b. gambiense trypano- somiasis. Course is more rapid in East A rican type. ourist with T. b. rhodesiense disease may develop systemic signs o in ection near the endo thetrip.
CHRONICINFECTION StageIIdisease.Charac- terizedbyinsidiousdevelopmento protean neurologicsymptoms.Progressiveindi er- ence and daytime somnolence develops. East A rican type may develop arrhythmias and
FIGURE29-7 Human East African trypano somiasis: trypanosomal chancre Ulcerated plaque at bite site on dorsal oot. A macular exan- them was present on the trunk. (Reprinted with permission romMooreACetal.Case20-2002.A 37-year-oldmanwith ever,hepatosplenomegaly, and a cutaneous oot lesion a ter a trip to A rica. N EnglJMed.2002;346:2069.©2002Massachusetts Medical Society.)
congestive heart develops

Question 5

tx

Answer 5

Pentamidine, melarsoprol, and efornithine. Forlate-stage disease,difluoromethylornithine