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Impacts of Climate Change > Africa > Flashcards

Africa Flashcards

1
Q

Africa’s population

A

900 million

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2
Q

What proportion of Africa’s 2/3 countries are in the worlds poorest 50

A

2/3

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3
Q

Name a conflict that is ongoing in Africa and making people more vulnerable

A

Darfur, Sudan

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4
Q

By when is Africa’s population expected to double

A

2085

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5
Q

What is the average fertility rate in Africa

A

5.1

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6
Q

What is the global average fertility rate

A

2.5

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7
Q

What ‘c has Africa’s temperature increased on average in the past 100yrs

A

0.5’c

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8
Q

By when is Africa’s temperature to rise by 4’c

A

2100

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9
Q

By 2100 what temperature increase will Africa have experienced from 2000 levels

A

4’c

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10
Q

What do locals estimate the reduction in rainfall has been

A

40%

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11
Q

Name a vulnerable area that has suffered from rainfall reductions in Africa

A

Sahel

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12
Q

What was the hottest year on record in Africa

A

2005

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13
Q

What is significant amount the proportion of the population in Africa living on less than $1 a day

A

Largest % in the world

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14
Q

In Africa 90% of hunger related deaths are due to

A

undernourishment

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15
Q

What % of deaths are due to war and famine in Africa

A

10%

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16
Q

Why does Africa struggle to mitigate climate change

A

no money for strategies

+ none for adaptive strategies either

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17
Q

What % of GDP is agriculture in Africa

A

32%

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18
Q

What % of the population is employed in agriculture in Africa

A

65%

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19
Q

What is desertification?

A

process where fertile land becomes desert

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20
Q

Name X2 causes of desertification

A

excessive deforestation

unsustainable agriculture

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21
Q

What will happen to the productivity of agriculture due to desertification in Africa

A

productivity of lower latitude crop production to decrease

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22
Q

What social impact does desertification have

A

displaces people
= new strains of resources in other societies
= threatens stability of area

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23
Q

What will happen due to harsher winds caused by climate change in Africa

A

soils more exposed and will erode

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24
Q

By 2020 how many will be affected due to water shortages or contaminated in Africa

A

250 million

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25
Q

By when will 250 million be affected by water shortages / contamination in Africa

A

2020

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26
Q

What % of people had access to safe household drinking water in Africa in 2004

A

16%

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27
Q

Name a conflict over a shared river in Africa

A

over the Nile

28
Q

What happens to surface water, why is this not being solved?

A

Becomes highly polluted

Wells and pumps are too expensive

29
Q

How many deaths due to contaminated water annually on the continent

A

5 million

30
Q

X4 reasons why Africa is vulnerable

A
  • low average income per capita
  • Africa in debt crisis - can’t afford strategies to decrease or protect against impacts of climate change
  • Largely Illiterate population
  • low-lying coastal regions
31
Q

What % in Africa are illiterate

A

34% of 15-25yr olds

32
Q

Why % of Africans are subsidies farmers

A

70%

33
Q

How many farmers were there 10yrs ago on the Tharata Canal

A

300

34
Q

How many farmers are there today on the Tharata canal

A

2

35
Q

A dam could have sustained livelihoods and prevented so many farmers from leaving had there been enough $ - what canal could this have been used on

A

Tharata

36
Q

During the 1980’s El Nino where was there drought in Africa

A

Horn of Africa

37
Q

During the 1980’s El Nino where was there flooding in Africa

A

East Africa e.g Kenya

38
Q

Many in what country rely on indigenous vegetables as income and employment for women

A

Cameroon

39
Q

Name X3 factors impacting biodiversity

A
  • shifting rainfall patterns
  • rising temperature
  • rising temp / height sea levels
40
Q

Species are becoming extinct in Africa at what rate faster than any other time

A

X100

41
Q

WHat % of plants / animals are in danger of extinction if temperature increases 1-5’c-2’c

A

20-30%

42
Q

By what temperature would Africa have to increase for 20-30% of animals and plants to be in danger of extinction

A

1-5 to 2’c

43
Q

Due to rising temperatures, how many more people will be at risk of malaria in Africa by 2080

A

70million

44
Q

Humidity and rainfall increases in areas will increase levels of what to do with health

A

levels of mosquitoes and malaria

45
Q

In how long will the area of S. Africa affected by malaria by double its current level

A

50yrs

46
Q

10years ago how many bags of rice could be harvested from 3 hectares of land by Nicaragua’s Indian’s?

A

60 bags

47
Q

Today how many bags of rice can be harvested from 3 hectares of land by Nicaragua’s Indians?

A

7

48
Q

There are wide differences in the extent to which different countries will be affected by climate change - why is this

A

different capacities to cope

different rates of development - so more / less able to introduce adaptation methods

49
Q

give two contrasting countries in terms of extent of being affected

A

S.Africa and Chad

50
Q

Name X4 economic impacts of climate change for Africa

A
  • agriculture
  • tourism
  • health
  • conflict
51
Q

In Sahel what % of the population rely on agriculture

A

70%

52
Q

Why is Sahel vulnerable?

A

70% rely on agriculture

desertification from Sahara expanding into area

53
Q

What are farmers in Sahel having to do?

A

migrate or adapt crops

£££

54
Q

What is happening in Kenya due to global warming?

A

higher temps = coral bleaching

so decline in toursits as decline in biodiversity

55
Q

What industry has been hit by drought in Kenya? X2

A

tourism as coral bleaching

cut flower industry

56
Q

What is the increase in area affected by malaria in south africa set in increase by and by when?

A

X2

within the next 50yrs

57
Q

What will happen to the Nile Delta?

A

increase salinity

58
Q

What will happen to droughts within the Nile Delta

what knock on effects will this cause

A

droughts more common

= more conflict for water

59
Q

What is much of the income from Ghana from

A

coconut trees + cash crops

60
Q

How will Ghana be affected by global warming in relation to their coconut trees?

A

more productive in higher temperatures

61
Q

What will happen to the tropical regions in Africa due to increasing temperatures?

A

longer growing season

more rainfall since shifting ITCZ

62
Q

Why may TNCs relocate from Africa due to climate change

A

increase in natural disasters

inefficient workforce due to disease / malnutrition increase

63
Q

Why may S. Africa have a greater capacity to cope than its neighbours?

X4

A

more resources

greater GDP per capita

more connected - better technology

more interconnected with other nations politically

64
Q

How are different parts of Africa affected during an EL Nino year

A

Horn of Africa = drought

East Africa = flooding

65
Q

Vulnerability and effects depend on location within Africa - what major characteristic may this be talking about

A

whether country is coastal or within the interior

66
Q

Why may the Nile Delta be vulnerable to climate change

A

low-lying farming area may be lost to sea

Impacts of Climate Change (4 decks)

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