Africa Flashcards by cammy mccready

Africa’s population

900 million

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What proportion of Africa’s 2/3 countries are in the worlds poorest 50

2/3

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Name a conflict that is ongoing in Africa and making people more vulnerable

Darfur, Sudan

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By when is Africa’s population expected to double

2085

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What is the average fertility rate in Africa

5.1

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What is the global average fertility rate

2.5

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What ‘c has Africa’s temperature increased on average in the past 100yrs

0.5’c

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By when is Africa’s temperature to rise by 4’c

2100

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By 2100 what temperature increase will Africa have experienced from 2000 levels

4’c

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What do locals estimate the reduction in rainfall has been

40%

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Name a vulnerable area that has suffered from rainfall reductions in Africa

Sahel

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What was the hottest year on record in Africa

2005

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What is significant amount the proportion of the population in Africa living on less than $1 a day

Largest % in the world

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In Africa 90% of hunger related deaths are due to

undernourishment

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What % of deaths are due to war and famine in Africa

10%

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Why does Africa struggle to mitigate climate change

no money for strategies

+ none for adaptive strategies either

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What % of GDP is agriculture in Africa

32%

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What % of the population is employed in agriculture in Africa

65%

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What is desertification?

process where fertile land becomes desert

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Name X2 causes of desertification

excessive deforestation

unsustainable agriculture

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What will happen to the productivity of agriculture due to desertification in Africa

productivity of lower latitude crop production to decrease

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What social impact does desertification have

displaces people
= new strains of resources in other societies
= threatens stability of area

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What will happen due to harsher winds caused by climate change in Africa

soils more exposed and will erode

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By 2020 how many will be affected due to water shortages or contaminated in Africa

250 million

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By when will 250 million be affected by water shortages / contamination in Africa

2020

What % of people had access to safe household drinking water in Africa in 2004

16%

Name a conflict over a shared river in Africa

over the Nile

What happens to surface water, why is this not being solved?

Becomes highly polluted Wells and pumps are too expensive

How many deaths due to contaminated water annually on the continent

5 million

X4 reasons why Africa is vulnerable

- low average income per capita - Africa in debt crisis - can't afford strategies to decrease or protect against impacts of climate change - Largely Illiterate population - low-lying coastal regions

What % in Africa are illiterate

34% of 15-25yr olds

Why % of Africans are subsidies farmers

70%

How many farmers were there 10yrs ago on the Tharata Canal

300

How many farmers are there today on the Tharata canal

A dam could have sustained livelihoods and prevented so many farmers from leaving had there been enough $ - what canal could this have been used on

Tharata

During the 1980's El Nino where was there drought in Africa

Horn of Africa

During the 1980's El Nino where was there flooding in Africa

East Africa e.g Kenya

Many in what country rely on indigenous vegetables as income and employment for women

Cameroon

Name X3 factors impacting biodiversity

- shifting rainfall patterns - rising temperature - rising temp / height sea levels

Species are becoming extinct in Africa at what rate faster than any other time

X100

WHat % of plants / animals are in danger of extinction if temperature increases 1-5'c-2'c

20-30%

By what temperature would Africa have to increase for 20-30% of animals and plants to be in danger of extinction

1-5 to 2'c

Due to rising temperatures, how many more people will be at risk of malaria in Africa by 2080

70million

Humidity and rainfall increases in areas will increase levels of what to do with health

levels of mosquitoes and malaria

In how long will the area of S. Africa affected by malaria by double its current level

50yrs

10years ago how many bags of rice could be harvested from 3 hectares of land by Nicaragua's Indian's?

60 bags

Today how many bags of rice can be harvested from 3 hectares of land by Nicaragua's Indians?

There are wide differences in the extent to which different countries will be affected by climate change - why is this

different capacities to cope different rates of development - so more / less able to introduce adaptation methods

give two contrasting countries in terms of extent of being affected

S.Africa and Chad

Name X4 economic impacts of climate change for Africa

- agriculture - tourism - health - conflict

In Sahel what % of the population rely on agriculture

70%

Why is Sahel vulnerable?

70% rely on agriculture desertification from Sahara expanding into area

What are farmers in Sahel having to do?

migrate or adapt crops | £££

What is happening in Kenya due to global warming?

higher temps = coral bleaching so decline in toursits as decline in biodiversity

What industry has been hit by drought in Kenya? X2

tourism as coral bleaching cut flower industry

What is the increase in area affected by malaria in south africa set in increase by and by when?

X2 within the next 50yrs

What will happen to the Nile Delta?

increase salinity

What will happen to droughts within the Nile Delta what knock on effects will this cause

droughts more common = more conflict for water

What is much of the income from Ghana from

coconut trees + cash crops

How will Ghana be affected by global warming in relation to their coconut trees?

more productive in higher temperatures

What will happen to the tropical regions in Africa due to increasing temperatures?

longer growing season more rainfall since shifting ITCZ

Why may TNCs relocate from Africa due to climate change

increase in natural disasters inefficient workforce due to disease / malnutrition increase

Why may S. Africa have a greater capacity to cope than its neighbours? X4

more resources greater GDP per capita more connected - better technology more interconnected with other nations politically

How are different parts of Africa affected during an EL Nino year

Horn of Africa = drought East Africa = flooding

Vulnerability and effects depend on location within Africa - what major characteristic may this be talking about

whether country is coastal or within the interior

Why may the Nile Delta be vulnerable to climate change

low-lying farming area may be lost to sea