AFH 1 - Chapter 1 - Aviation History Flashcards
When did Britain’s Sir George Cayley create a glider with fixed wings, cambered airfoil and horizontal and vertical stablizers?
1853
In the early 1900s, Orville and what early aviator conducted more than 1000 glides and achieved the first powered, sustained, controlled airplane flight, heralding the age of heavier-than-air aviation?
Wilbur Wright
When what US President established an Aeronautical Division in the U.S. Army’s Signal Corps on 1 August 1907, the Wright Brothers offered the only flyable aircraft that met specifications for its first military airplane?
President Theodore Roosevelt
Both what enlisted aviator and Lieutenant Rockwell lost their lives that day?
Frank Scott
What enlisted aviator was the first enlisted person to die in an accident in a military aircraft?
Frank Scott
When did Congress pass Public Law 99, which authorized an enlisted pilot training program?
1941
After 10 years as an enlisted man, what enlisted aviator was commissioned during World War I and served the next 25 years as an officer?
Vernon L. Burge
What enlisted aviator entered the U.S. Army on 25 Jun 1898?
Sergeant Ocker
In June 1930, what Airman Exemplar flex approximately 900 miles from San Antonio, TX to Scott Field IL in an enclosed cockpit, earning him recognition as the “Father of Blind Flight.”
William Ocker
In 1916, what individual ordered the 1st Aero Squadron to assist ground forces in protecting the border and apprehending Pancho Villa?
President Woodrow Wilson
Commanded by what early commander, 11 pilots officers, 82 enlisted men and one civilian mechanic departed from San Antonio, TX with eight Curtiss JN-3 Jennies, 10 trucks and six motorcycles?
Captain Foulois
Despite the 1st Aero Squadron’s successful reconnaissance flights and several dispatches, mountain weather, dust, extreme temperatures and the 5000-feet elevations of the Casa Grandes in Chihuahua, what country wreaked havoc with the aircraft?
Mexico
In 1917, what early commander was named Chief of the Air Service for the American Expeditionary Force, moved to Washington, D.C. in 1927 to become Assistant Chief of the Air Service, and in 1931 was promoted to Major General as Chief of the Air Corps?
Brigadier General Foulois
With 26 confirmed aerial victories, what aviator became know as America’s “Ace of Aces” and held the American record for victories until World War II?
Captain Edward V. Rickenbacker
Who is considered to have received the most awards for valor, received the Distinguished Service Cross a record of eight times and in 1930, one of his Service Crosses was converted to the Medal of Honor?
Captain Rickenbacker
As early as 1915, Americans flew in the European war, both with the French and the British-though it as the American-manned Lafayette Escadrille of what nation that earned the greatest and most enduring fame?
France
When did Lafayette Escadrille transferred into the U.S. Army Air Service as the 103d Aero Squadron while the French formed the Escadrille Jeanne d’Arc?
1918
What enlisted aviator is one of the very few enlisted Americans to fly in the war, and the first African-American military pilot?
Corporal Eugene Bullard
When did President Wilson issue an Executive Order that transferred Army aviation control from the Signal Corps to the Secretary of War?
1918
What war did vintage Curtiss JN-3 Jennies and Liberty DH-4 bombers remain in service until the 1930s, despite technological advances that had been made in airframe and engine design?
World War I
Officials turned over two what war battleships for further testing, the USS New Jersey and the USS Virginia, to punctuate the values of airpower?
World War I
In 1924, what Airman developed a 324-page report that predicted a future war with Japan, including the attack on Pearl Harbor?
William Mitchell
Against established tactics, during the demonstration what Airman and the Martin-Curtiss NBS-1 pilot approached the USS New Jersey at 85 miles per hour at an altitude of 6900 feet, from about 15 degrees off the port beam?
Ulysses Nero
What Airman disqualified Nero and his pilot from further competition for disobeying instructions, but he reconsidered when the rest of the crews failed to hit the USS Virginia unless they dropped down to 1500 feet?
General William “Billy” Mitchell
When what war ended, Lieutenant Colonel George H. Holmes chose to revert back to his enlisted rank?
World War II
What aviator was considered an aviation pioneer and articulate advocate of aerospace power?
General Ira C. Eaker
What Army Reserve officer after graduating flight school, participated in the Pan-American Good Will Flight of 1926 and 1927, which is displayed at the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force in Dayton, Ohio?
General Ira C. Eaker
As a strong advocate for daylight strategic bombardment, during what significant operation, General Ira C. Eaker directed the daylight campaigns while the British conducted their night area bombing?
Operation Point Blank
What was established with the recognition that technological advances in aircraft would eventually propel AirPower forward as a significant military force, beyond its early role of solely supporting troops?
General Headquarters Air Force
What powers consisted of Germany, Japan and Italy?
Axis Powers
When did Imperial Japan deal a devastating blow to the United States at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii by sinking or heavily damaging several military battleships in two waves of approximately 350 Japanese aircrafts?
1941
Our military aircraft made prime targets for Japanese aviators as they continued their attack that same day by destroying an entire fleet refueling on the ground in the ________.
Philippines
In what decade did Air Force manpower reach over two million?
1940s
In 1948, which U.S. President signed Executive Order 9981 to abolish racial discrimination?
President Harry S. Truman
In 1944, the first Tuskegee Airmen fought in which war?
World War II
In 1970, what individual retired as the senior African-American officer in the U.S. Armed Forces?
Benjamin O. Davis
What group was credited with destroying almost 300 enemy aircraft, but lost 14 pilots in combat?
American Volunteer Group
In the book, Flying Tigers: what Airman and HIs American Volunteers, 1941-1942, the author, Daniel Ford, attributes the American Volunteer Group’s success to morale and group esprit de corps?
Chennault
Some commanders were reluctant to accept women into their units, but what individual lauded the women’s contributions to the force for providing immeasurable efficiency, skill, spirit and determination?
General Dwight D. Eisenhower
During what war did Colonel Jacqueline Cochran organize efforts for 25 women to fly for Great Britain and she was the first woman to fly a bomber across the Atlantic Ocean?
World War II
A pioneer in passenger care, what aviator successfully combined two careers to become the most decorated woman in our military history?
Captain Lillian K. Keil
What individual later served in the U.S. Army Air Forces and treated wounded and frostbitten crewmen after bombing raids over Europe?
Captain Lillian K. Keil
The 8th Air Force flew 3300 heavy bomber sorties, the 15th Air Force added 500 missions from ______, and the Royal Air Force Bomber Command flew 2750 night attacks aimed at German aircraft manufacturing plants?
Italy
With the loss of over twenty percent of its forces, the Third Reich surrendered in May 1945 and what Airman declared a strategic air war victory against Germany?
General Carl A. “Tooey” Spaatz
In conjunction with the British humanitarian mission referred to as Operation Mana, in May 1945, the U.S. Army Air Forces delivered four thousand tons of food to three million Dutch in the German-occupied Netherlands during _________.
Operation Chowhound
When was Chief Paul W. Airey and his fellow crewmen were shot down on their 28th mission outside of Vienna, Austria?
1944
During what war, Chief Paul w. Airey served as a radio repairman?
Korean War
What individual was the only enlisted Airman to have a B-17 named in this honor?
Sator Sanchez
The Japanese forces appeared invincible during the first six months of the conflict in ________.
World War II
It was not until 1945 that the use of atomic energy was used as a nuclear weapon with the intention of putting an end to _________.
World War II
When did following a successful atomic test of the first nuclear bomb, Trinity, the Allied Powers issue an ultimatum calling for the Japanese government to surrender or suffer “prompt and utter destruction?”
1945
In 1946, what individual tasked the Research and Development Corporation to propose a preliminary design for an experimental world-circling spaceship-what would later be known as satellites?
General Curtis LeMay
What was a cooperative effort to gather scientific data about the Earth for the period of 1 July 1957 to 31 December 1958?
IGY
Ground-based system included the ballistic missile early warning system, space object surveillance, and the Air Force ______.
Satellite Control Network
In 1960, what office was formed to take charge of highly classified reconnaissance satellites?
National Reconnaissance Office
What U.S. president undertook several intiatives to help prevent a surprise nuclear attack against the United States, including establishing the classified Satellite Photo Reconnaissance Program, code named Corona?
President Eisenhower
What two things about GPS have continued to multiply and its importance has increased significantly?
Commercial and civil applications
When did the world received a wake-up call after China conducted its first successful direct-ascent anti-satelitte test by destroying one of its own satellites?
2007
A1C Donald Farrell, a __________ old overly confident and fearless Lackland AFB accounting specialist from the Bronx, N.Y., volunteered to become America’s first space traveler.
22-Year
Sequestered inside the two-and-a-half ton, 2x3 foot steel low pressure chamber at Randolph AFB, what Airman made the seven-day simulated lunar voyage in a device dubbed “Terrella I” in February 1958?
Donald Farrell
The what individual space expedition made international news and sparked America’s fascination with space?
Donald Farrell
Who relied on Air Force scientists to test and study the physiological effects of space travel on primates before American astronauts could be launched into orbit?
NASA
During his visit to Brooks AFB on November 21, 1963, what US President delivered his famous “cap over the wall” speech on space exploration?
President John Kennedy
What individual credited the contributions of Air Force medicine research that played an integral role in the development of NASA’s manned space flight program?
President John F. Kennedy
The French Aerostatic Corps’ balloons accompanied the Armies of the French Revolution in 1794.
True
Britain’s Sir George Cayley created a glider with fixed wings, cambered airfoil and horizontal and vertical stabilizers in 1853.
True
The Union Army Balloon Corps was disbanded in 1863.
True
Orville and Wilbur Wright achieved the first powered, sustained, controlled airplane flight in the early 1900s.
True
The Wright Brothers offered the only flyable aircraft that met the specifications for the U.S. Army’s first military airplane.
True
The Aeronautical Division, Signal Corps was established on August 1, 1907.
True
The Aeronautical Division had 11 aircraft and 39 enlisted mechanics by October 1912.
True
Corporal Frank Scott was the first enlisted person to die in an accident in a military aircraft.
True
Congress passed Public Law 99 in June 1941, authorizing an enlisted pilot training program.
True
Vernon L. Burge is recognized as the first American enlisted pilot.
True
Sergeant William C. Ocker developed the flight integrator, an instrument for blind flight.
True
The Aviation Section, Signal Corps was established on May 20, 1918.
False
The 1st Aero Squadron was ordered to assist ground forces in protecting the border and apprehending Pancho Villa during the Mexican Revolution.
True
Captain Benjamin Foulois commanded the 1st Aero Squadron during the Pancho Villa Expedition.
True
Benjamin D. Foulois played a major role in planning and implementing the aviation program during World War I.
True
The French Aerostatic Corps’ balloons accompanied the Armies of the French Revolution in _________.
1794
Britain’s Sir George Cayley created a glider with fixed wings, cambered airfoil and horizontal and vertical stabilizers in _______.
1853
The Union Army Balloon Corps was disbanded in ________.
1863
Orville and Wilbur Wright achieved the first powered, sustained, controlled airplane flight in the early ________.
1900s
The Aeronautical Division, Signal Corps was established on ___________.
1 August 1907
Corporal Frank Scott was the first person to die in an accident in a military aircraft in _________.
1912
Congress passed Public Law 99 in _______, authorizing an enlisted pilot training program.
June 1941
Vernon L. Burge is recognized as the first African-American enlisted pilot in __________.
June 1912
Sergeant William C. Ocker developed the flight integrator, an instrument for blind flight in __________.
April 1914
The Aviation Section, Signal Corps was established on _________.
18 July 1914
Captain Benjamin Foulois commanded the 1st Aero Squadron during ________.
Pancho Villa Expedition
Benjamin D. Foulois played a major role in planning and implementing the aviation program during ___________.
World War I
The Mexican Revolution took place from ________ to ________.
1910-1920
President Woodrow Wilson ordered the 1st Aero Squadron to assist ground forces in protecting the border and apprehending Pancho Villa in _________.
1916
Benjamin D. Foulois was names Chief of the Air Service for the American Expeditionary Force in ________.
1917
