Affixes

Question 1

-al

Answer 1

V ->N
Of the kind of

Question 2

-ant

Answer 2

V ->N
causing or performing an action or existing in a certain condition

Question 3

-(at)ion

Answer 3

V ->N
Action or condition

Question 4

-er

Answer 4

V ->N

Question 5

-ing

Answer 5

V ->N
Result of the verb

Question 6

-ment

Answer 6

V ->N
Act of doing something

Question 7

-able

Answer 7

V ->A

Question 8

-ing2

Answer 8

V ->A

Question 9

-ive

Answer 9

V ->A

Question 10

-dom

Answer 10

N ->N

Question 11

-ful

Answer 11

N->A

Question 12

-(i)al

Answer 12

N->A

Question 13

-(i)an

Answer 13

N->A

Question 14

-ic

Answer 14

N->A

Question 15

-ize

Answer 15

N->V

Question 16

-less

Answer 16

N->A

Question 17

-ous

Answer 17

N->A

Question 18

-ish

Answer 18

A->A

Question 19

-ate

Answer 19

A->V

Question 20

-en

Answer 20

A->V

Question 21

-ize2

Answer 21

A->V

Question 22

-ity

Answer 22

A->N

Question 23

-ness

Answer 23

A->N

Question 24

Anti-

Answer 24

N->N

Question 25

Ex-

Answer 25

N->N
Out of, not

Question 26

De-

Answer 26

V->V

Question 27

Dis-

Answer 27

V->V

Question 28

Mis-

Answer 28

V->V

Question 29

Re-

Answer 29

V->V

Question 30

Re-

Answer 30

V->V

Question 31

Un-

Answer 31

V->V

Question 32

In-

Answer 32

A->A

Question 33

Un2-

Answer 33

A->A
Not

Question 34

Coarticulation

Answer 34

More than one articulator is active

Question 35

Processes

Answer 35

Articulatory adjustments during the production of connected speech

Question 36

Assimilation

Answer 36

Influence of a segment on another

Question 37

Nasalization

Answer 37

Regressive assimilation

Question 38

Progressive articulation

Answer 38

Nasality forward from nasal consonant onto vowel

Question 39

Voicing assimilation

Answer 39

Devoicing = vocal folds not in motion immediately
Voicing = opposite

Question 40

Flapping

Answer 40

[t] & [d] between vowels with the first stressed => [weird r]

Question 41

Dissimilation

Answer 41

Two sounds become less alike in articulatory or acoustic terms
Ex : ending with 3 consecutive fricatives = turn into stop [t]

Question 42

Deletion

Answer 42

schwa often deleted when next vowel is stressed

Question 43

Epenthesis

Answer 43

Inserts a syllabic or non-syllabic segment with an existing string of segments

Question 44

Metathesis

Answer 44

Reorders a sequence of segments

Question 45

Vowel reduction

Answer 45

Articulation moves to a more central position when vowel is unstressed
Typical outcome = schwa

Question 46

Complementary distribution rules

Answer 46

dental [n] before interdental consonants
long [i] before voiced obstruents

Question 47

Canadian Raising

Answer 47

raising before a voiceless consonant

Question 48

Onsets that comply with sonority requirement

Answer 48

Labial + sonorant
Alveolar + sonorant
Velar + sonorant

Question 49

Appendix consonants

Answer 49

• Violate sonority requirement
• only s for onset
• s/t/voiceless th for coda

Question 50

Heavy syllable

Answer 50

Rhyme = vowel + glide or consonant

Question 51

Light syllable

Answer 51

Rhyme = vowel + syllabic consonant

Question 52

Stress rule (without suffixes)

Answer 52

Verbs with more than 1 syllable
- falls last syllable if heavy
- or penultimate syllable

Question 53

Stress rule for nouns

Answer 53

Penultimate syllable

Question 54

Stress in longer nouns

Answer 54

Heavy = penultimate
Light = antepenultimate
Exception exist

Question 55

Aspiration

Answer 55

p,t,k = beginning of a syllable that is word-initial or stressed

Question 56

Vowel lengthening

Answer 56

Followed by voiced obstruent in the coda position of the same syllable

Question 57

-s

Answer 57

Plural

Question 58

‘S

Answer 58

Possessive

Question 59

-s (verb)

Answer 59

3rd person sing non-past

Question 60

-ing

Answer 60

Progressive

Question 61

-ed

Answer 61

Past tense

Question 62

-en/-ed

Answer 62

Past participle

Question 63

-er

Answer 63

Comparative

Question 64

-est

Answer 64

Superlative

Question 65

Case inflection

Answer 65

Indicated word grammatical role in the sentence

Question 66

Agreement in inflexion

Answer 66

Match certain grammatical properties of another word (number and person)

Question 67

Internal change

Answer 67

Substitute one non-morphemic segmebt for another to mark a grammatical contrast

Question 68

Ablaut

Answer 68

Vowel alteration that mark grammatical contrasts

Question 69

Suppletion

Answer 69

Replace morpheme with an entirely different morpheme in order to indicate grammatical contrast

Question 70

Tone placement

Answer 70

Distinction between two words

Question 71

Cliticization

Answer 71

Morphemes pronounced with another word
- cannot stand alone
- behave like words in terms of meaning
“I’m”