Affective disorders

Question 1

Differential diagnosis for mania

Answer 1

Substance-induced
Bipolar disorder (1 and 2)
Cyclothymic disorder
Schizophrenia
Attention-deficit disorder

Question 2

Differential diagnosis for depression/low mood

Answer 2

Bipolar
Substance/medication induced
Depressive disorder due to other medical condition
Schizoaffective disorder
Bereavement
Neurocognitive disorder

Question 3

Difference between bipolar 1 and bipolar 2

Answer 3

Bipolar 1: must meet criteria for manic episode and depressive episode
Bipolar 2: must meet criteria for hypomanic episode and depressive

Question 4

Difference between manic and hypomanic episodes

Answer 4

Manic: Psychotic symptoms as well. Hospitalisation usually necessary

Hypomanic: Elevated mood, characterised by grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, more energy, flight of ideas, distractibility, reckless behaviour. Not bad enough for hospitalisation. lasting at least 4 days

Question 5

Definition of depressive episodes

Answer 5

Symptoms present across 2 week period
Depressed mood
Decreased interest/pleasure in daily activities
Weight change
Insomnia or hypersomnia
Psychomotor agitation/retardation
Fatigue
Feeling of worthlessness
Diminished concentration/memory
Recurrent thoughts of death
The episode affects functioning

Question 6

How to tell difference between grief and major depressive episode?

Answer 6

Grief: predominantely emptiness and loss, sadness tied to memories of deceased. Self esteem preserved

Depressive episode: Worthlessness and lack of pleasure in all activities

Question 7

Define persistent depressive disorder

Answer 7

Depressive episode for at least 2 years