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Mental Health - Exam 2 > Affective Continuum 1 > Flashcards

Affective Continuum 1 Flashcards

0
Q

which area of the brain is affected by MDD

A

limbic system

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1
Q

what disorder is caused by an interaction of enviornmental, genetic, neurobiologic, developmental, & life experiences

A

MDD (major depressive disorder)

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2
Q

what does MDD do to the activity of the limbic system

A

⬇️ activity

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3
Q

which 2 neurotransmitters are regulated by the limbic system

A

serotonin

norepinephrine

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4
Q

what happens to neurotransmitter levels in MDD and which 2 are they

A

⬇️ norepinephrine & serotonin

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5
Q

what does ⬆ activity in the cingulate gyrus & thalamus cause

A

rumination & worry

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6
Q

what does ⬇️ activity in the frontal lobes cause

A

⬇️ concentration & motivation

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7
Q

what are the 3 vegetative signs of depression

A

alteration in sleep
alteration in appetite
loss of energy

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8
Q

a chronically depressed mood for 2+ years, not symptom free for > 2 months, depressed most days

A

dysthymia/pertinent depressive disorder

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9
Q

how long must someone be depressed for it to be considered dysthymia

A

2+ years

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10
Q

how long must a pt not be free of symptoms of depression for it to be considered dysthymia

A

> 2 months

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11
Q

what is another name for dythymia

A

pertinent depressive disorder

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12
Q

what type of depression is based on the seasons

A

MDD w/ seasonal pattern

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13
Q

what are 3 common s/s of seasonal depression

A

⬆️ appetite
wt gain
hypersomnia

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14
Q

what is a condition that develops within 2 weeks after the delivery of a baby - confusion, disorientation, attempts to harm baby

A

post-partum psychosis

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15
Q

how long after delivery can post-partum psychosis occur

A

within 2 weeks

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16
Q

condition where symptoms of MDD are accompanied by psychosis - hallucinations, delusions, etc.

A

MDD w/ psychotic features

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17
Q

what are 3 suggestions for eating for pts w/ MDD

A

eat w/ others
high calorie meals
have family bring fav foods

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18
Q

what is the induction of a grand mal seizure through the application of an electrical current to the brain

A

ECT

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19
Q

what is the therapeutic effect of ECT

A

⬆️ serotonin, norepi, & dopmaine

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20
Q

what are 3 side effects of ECT

A

confusion
headache
long term memory loss

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21
Q

what are the long-term effects of ECT

A

unknown

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22
Q

what is an experimental procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain hoping to improve chronic depression symptoms

A

transcranial magnetic stimulation

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23
Q

what procedure has the follow side effects:

headache, scalp discomfort, twitching of facial muscles, lightheadedness

A

transcranial magnetic stimulation

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24
Q

what are 3 rare serious side effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation

A

seizure
mania
hearing problems

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25
Q

what are behaviors that harm the person such as nail biting, hair pulling, self-mutilation

A

self-destructive/damaging acts

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26
Q

includes a plan for suicide & the means to execute it

A

suicidal threat

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27
Q

having thoughts of hurting or killing oneself

A

suicidal ideation

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28
Q

self-destructive act that does not involve serious injury

A

suicidal gesture

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29
Q

self-destructive act that had the potential outcome as death

A

suicide attempt

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30
Q

theory - suicide is r/t the deteroriation in relationships w/in society; self-inflicted death seen as honorable

A

sociocultural theory

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31
Q

theory - may result when people experience no close relationships, no personal freedoms, & no hope of getting them

A

interpersonal & intrapsychic theory

32
Q

theory - errors in receptors for serotonin that ⬇️ levels (bad), may be caused by genetics

A

biologic theory

33
Q

theory - constriction of thought is ⬆️ in people who are suicidal & have difficulty making choices

A

cognitive theory

34
Q

people will be direct & let people know they are planning to take their own life

A

overt cues

35
Q

pt is indiriect w/ cues - “no reason to go on”, “I won’t be seeing you anymore”

A

covert cues

36
Q

what are 2 questions to ask a pt about suicide

A

any thoughts of suicide?

what method would you use

37
Q

how many episodes will a bipolar person have in a lifetime

A

10

38
Q

what is a major r/f for bipolar disorder

A

genetics

39
Q

which 2 neurotransmitters can be ⬆️ w/ bipolar disorder

A

norepi

serotonin

40
Q

disorder - 1+ manic episode whicch can be accompanied by a depressed mood

A

bipolar I

41
Q

disorder - less extreme form of mania; “life of the party”, pt unable to recognize changes

A

hypomania

42
Q

disorder - 1+ depressed mood that can be accompanied by 1+ hypomanic episode

A

bipolar II

43
Q

what is the action of lithium

A

not fully understood

44
Q

what are the 5 intended effects of lithium

A 
acute mania
bipolar maintainence
⬆️ effects of antidepressants
⬆️ effects of antipsychotics in schizo.
improve behavior in impulse disorders
45
Q

what are some s/e of lithium

A

polyuria, polydypsia, tremor, wt gain, nausea, ⬆️ WBC, hypothyroidism, kidney damage

46
Q

which med can cause hypothyroidism & kidney damage

A

lithium

47
Q

what is the therapeutic range of Lithium

A

0.5 - 1.2

48
Q

what are the s/s of Lithium toxicity

A

vomiting, ataxia, tremor, stuttering, confusion, sedation, seizure, coma, death

49
Q

which condition has these s/s - vomiting, ataxia, confusion, tremor, stuttering, sedation, seizure, coma, death

A

Lithium toxicity

50
Q

what are the contraindications for taking Lithium

A

pregnant/nursing, renal disease, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, diabetes, thyroid disease, urinary retention

51
Q

what other 2 labs should be monitored along with Lithium levels

A

creatinine

TSH

52
Q

which 2 types of meds can ⬆️ Lithium blood levels

A

NSAIDs

thiazide diuretics

53
Q

what is the commonly used anticonvulsant drug

A

valproic acid

54
Q

what are s/e of valproic acid

A

N, D, headache, dizzy, anxiety, confusion, sedation, diploplia, edema, tremor, wt gain, alopecia, jaundice

55
Q

what are 2 toxic effects of valproic acid

A

liver failure

blood dyscrasias

56
Q

what are 4 contraindications of valproic acid

A

liver disease
kidney disease
pregnant/nursing
blood dyscrasias

57
Q

what is the blood level range for valproic acid

A

50 - 110

58
Q

besides blood levels, what other 3 labs should be checked w/ valproic acid

A

liver function
kidney function
CBC

59
Q

what 3 meds should be avoided w/ valproic acid

A

coumadin
ASA
NSAIDs

60
Q

what are the 2 categories of mood stabilizers

A

atypical antipsychotics

anxiolytics

61
Q

what is a commonly used atypical antipsychotic used to treat bipolar disorder

A

Klonopin

62
Q

how can you avoid nausea associated w/ taking Lithium

A

do not take on an empty stomach

63
Q

what are 3 s/s of liver dysfunction

A

yellow eyes
abdominal pain
fever

64
Q

how do anticonvulsants work

A

calm the brain down

65
Q

what type of med is valproic acid

A

anticonvulsant

66
Q

what type of med is Tegretol

A

anticonvulsant

67
Q

what type of med is Lamictal

A

anticonvulsant

68
Q

what type of med is Neurontin

A

anticonvulsant

69
Q

what type of med is Topamax

A

anticonvulsant

70
Q

which anticonvulsant has immense s/e

A

Tegretol

71
Q

which 2 anticonvulsants are less effective and are used more as an adjunct med

A

Lamictal

Neurontin

72
Q

which anticonvulsant is btter for eating disorders (bulemia), wt loss

A

Topamax

73
Q

what tx can be used for bipolar pts who are treatment resistant or refractory

A

ECT

74
Q

which type of drug is used for short term tx of acute mania for sedation, psychomotor slowing, & to ⬇️ agitation

A

atypical antipsychotic

75
Q

what type of drug is effective immediately to ⬇️ stimulation in the brain in bipolar disorder

A

Benzo anxiolytics

76
Q

theory - external stressors can activate the stres response which can trigger the 1st episode of mania

A

kindling theory

77
Q

what type is the initial bipolar episode in males

A

manic

78
Q

what type is the initial bipolar episode in females

A

depressive

Mental Health - Exam 2 (4 decks)

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