AFAA Personal Trainer Certification Study Guide Flashcards by alberto cova

Hear attack occurs due to lack of blood flow through the coronary arteries to the heart muscle

Myocardial Infarction

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lack of blood flow

Ischemia

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the amount of blood pumped with each beat or systole

Stroke Volume

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heart rate x stroke volume. usually measured in liters (or milileters) of blood pumped per minute

Cardiac Output

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The amount of blood returned to the heart by the veins

Venous Return

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occurs when a person holds his or her breath during a strenuous activity, such as lifting weights or shoveling snow

Valsalva Maneuver

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total amount of air breathed per minute

Minute Ventilation

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amount of air remaining in the lungs after a complete and total forced exhale

Residual lung volume

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amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a maximal inahle

Forced vital capacity

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sum of the residual volume and the forced vital capacity

Total lung capacity

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body's usable form of carbohydrate

Glucose

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produced in muscles during rapid exercise when the body cannot supply enough oxygen to the tissues

Lactic Acid

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a metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP

Glycolysis

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a subcellular structure where oxidation takes place

Mitochondria

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A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two

Beta oxidation

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the acetyl CoA formed in the first component of aerobic metabolism enters into the citric acid cycle

Krebs cycle

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the final sequence of reactions in the aerobic production of ATP

Electron transport system

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the maximum amount of oxygen consumed and utilized by the body during an all

Maximal oxygen uptake

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Exercise Oxygen Consumption

Excess Post

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each section of a myofibril in muscle

Sarcomere

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structural protein that makes up the thin filaments of myofibrils; functions in muscle contraction

Actin

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standing position with hands down and palms facing forward

Anatomical Position

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lying on the spine

Supine

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lying face down

Prone

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# ? part of the skeleton that contains skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

Axial Skeleton

# ? have a small space between the articulating bones that allows for a greater range of motion

Synovial joints

# ? a white, semi

Cartilage

# ? secretes synovial fluid which provides nourishment, lubrication, and hydrotastic cushioning for the joint

Synovial membrane

# ? liquid

Bursae

# ? band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone and provides joint stability.

Ligament

# ? dense, fibrous connective tissue that forms the end of a muscle and attaches muscle to bone

Tendon

# ? fibrous connective tissue that forms sheaths for individual muscles.

Fascia

# ? resistance exercises performed one after the other without rest for approximately 20 minutes

Circuit Weight Training

# ? maximum force a muscle or muscle group can generate at one time

Muscular Strength

# ? capacity to sustain repeated muscle actions, as in push

Muscle Endurance

# ? explosive aspect of strength, is the product of strength and speed of movement

Muscle Power

# ? ability of a muscle or muscle group to stabilize a joint and maintain its position without movement. (to perform a sustained isometric contraction)

Muscle Stability

# ? an increase in the muscle fiber size, specifically an increased cross

Muscle hypertrophy

# ? increasing the intensity (resistance), frequency, or duration of the training above the levels normally expected

Overload Principle

# ? specific adaptions in the metabolic and neuromuscular systems depending on the type of program or exercises that are performed

Specificity

# ? total number of repetitions performed multiplied by the total amount of weight, or resistance, used during a single training session. (Reps x Weight = Volume)

Volume

# ? resistance must be gradually, progressively increased as the muscles adapt to a given exercise

Progressive resistance exercise

# ? variations in the training program over the course of several months or a year, that help to improve performance and prevent injury, staleness, and burnout

Periodization

# ? a point where further increases in strength become difficult and progress seems to stop

Plateau

# ? Set System

Single

# ? Set system

Multiple

# ? Set System

Super

# ? Set System

Tri

# ? external resistance or weight that does not vary through the range of motion

Dynamic Constant Resistance

# ? attempts to match the external resistance to the exerciser\'s strength curve. Strength varies throughout the range of motion of each muscle

Dynamic Variable Resistance

# ? maintains constant muscle tension at a steady speed or velocity

Isokinetic Resistance

# ? ability to maintain a position without moving for a certain period of time, and can also be defined as a state of bodily equilibrium

Balance

# ? involves contracting a muscle in a held position, usually against a wall, weight machine, or against another part of the body

Isometric Resistance Training

# ? any exercise that is multi

Core Exercise

# ? refers to the center of the body. Incorporates stabilization exercises for muscles of the spine, neck, pelvis, and scapulae

Core Training

# ? involves using the stretch reflex to increase muscle fiber recruitment. (squat jumps, tuck jumps, medicine ball passes)

Plyometric Training

# ? shoulder blades

Scapulae

# ? kneecap

Patella

# ? occurs during and immediately after exercise and is due to the accumulation of lactate, decreased oxygen, and tissue swelling within the muscle

Acute Muscle Soreness

# ? A temporary muscle soreness and stiffness that occur 24 to 48 hours after performing unaccustomed eccentric muscle contractions and last for three to four days.

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS)

# ? clearly state which joints are moving and which are still

Alignment Cue

# ? lets client know about a potential injury risk and how it can be minimized

Safety Cue

# ? remind your clients to breathe

Breathing Cue

# ? demonstrating a move

Visual Cue

# ? motivational cues such as \"You can do it!\" and \"Great Job!\"

Motivational Cue

# ? help kinesthetically feel when they are in alignment and using proper form. Showing the correct and incorrect way of doing something.

Wrong/Right Cue

# ? range of motion possible around a joint, or around a series of joints

Flexibility

# ? characterized by bouncing, pulsing, rapid, or uncontrolled

Ballistic Stretching

# ? low

Static Stretching

# ? static or ballistic, performed alone, using the concentric contraction of the opposing muscles

Active (unassisted) Stretching

# ? stretch is initiated by another person or outside force and the person being stretched is passive

Passive (assisted) Stretching

# ? flexibility technique that promotes or hastens the neuromuscular response through stimulation of the proprioceptors

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation

# ? results from being born with ligaments that have a higher degree of elastic properties. \"double jointed\"

Ligament Laxity

# ? sudden onset due to a specific trauma, such as twisting the ankle

Acute Injury

# ? excessive, repeated stress is placed on one area of the body over an extended period of time, the affected tissues may begin to fail

Chronic Injury

# ? overstretching, overexertion, or overuse of soft tissue, less severe than a sprain. May occur from a slight trauma or unaccustomed repeated trauma

Muscle sTrain

# ? usually caused by a severe s tress, stretch or tear of the soft tissues such as ligaments or joint capsules

Sprain

# ? an incomplete or partial dislocation that often involves secondary trauma to the surrounding tissue

Subluxation

# ? displacement of a bony part of a joint that leads to soft tissue damage, inflammation, pain, and muscle spasm

Dislocation

# ? with a partial tear, pain is felt when the muscle is stretched or contracted against resistance. With a complete tear, muscle is incapable of working

Muscle/Tendon Rupture or Tear

# ? inflammation of a tendon leading to scarring or calcium deposits

Tendinitis

# ? inflammation of a synovial membrane; an excessive amount of synovial fluid

Synovitis

# ? inflammation of a bursa

Bursitis

# ? bruising from a direct blow, resulting in capillary rupture, bleeding, and inflammation

Contusion

# ? abnormal adherance of collagen fibers to surrounding tissues during immobilization or after an injury, resulting in a loss of normal elasticity

Adhesions

# ? Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation

RICE

# ? Prime mover, or the contracting muscle that is responsible for the movement that you see

Agonist

# ? Muscle that works (opposite) to the prime mover and reflexively elongates to allow the agonist to contract and move the joint

Antagonist

# ? refers to the percentage of weight that is fat and is based on the assumption that body weight can be divided into various components

Body Composition

# ? caused by mechanical compression, which results in reduced blood flow to the median nerve

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

# ? Hand bones. 5 bones numbered from 1

Metacarpals

# ? located at the larnyx of neck, used for measuring heart rate

Carotid Artery

# ? further from the trunk, situated farthest from point of attachment or origin, as of a limb or bone

Distal

# ? Also called negative resistance training, is a muscular action in which the muscle lengthens in a controlled manner.

Eccentric Training

# ? exerting more force than is placed on it, results in shortening of muscle

Concentric Training

# ? shoulder

Glenohumeral

# ? slow to fatigue and have a high level of aerobic endurance, used for long

Slow Twitch Fibers

# ? poor aerobic endurance, short

Fast Twitch Fibers

# ? sense the degree of tension and the length of the muscle

Proprioceptors

# ? joint angle diminishing, most movements are forward movements

Flexion

# ? return from flexion, movement that increases the angle between 2 bones

Extension

# ? movement around an axis or pivot point

Rotation

# ? movement in which an extremity describes a circle (360 degrees)

Circumduction

# ? divides the body into upper and lower portions. Rotation occurs within the horizontal plane

Horizontal Plane (transverse)

# ? divides the body into front and back. Abduction and Adduction occur within the frontal plane

Frontal Plane (coronal)

# ? divides the body into right and left portions. Flexion and extension occur within the sagittal plane

Sagittal Plane (medial)

# ? a point at which 2 or more bones meet and where movement occurs

Joint

# ? the first seven vertebrae, or the neck

Cervical Spine

# ? 12 vertebrae, where the ribs attach

Thoracic Spine

# ? 5 vertebrae, lower back

Lumbar Spine

# ? fused to form the sacrum

Sacral Spine

# ? bone formed from five vertebrae fused together near the base of the spinal column

Sacrum

# ? 4 vertebrae, fused to form the tailbone

Coccygeal Spine

# ? hip flexors

Iliopsoas

# ? Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus

Hamstrings

# ? consists of 4 muscles: vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vestus intermedius, rectus femoris

Quadriceps

# ? hinge, synovial,distal tibia, fibular form mortise for trochlea of talus, primary motions are dorsiflexion and plantarflexion,

Talocrural Joint

# ? Ankle eversion and Ankle inversion

Subtalar Joint

# ? bring top of the foot toward the shin

Ankle Dorsiflexion

# ? bring soles of the foot downward (pointing toes)

Ankle Plantar Flexion

# ? Pronation. Arch flattens

Ankle Eversion

# ? Supination, Arch lifts

Ankle Inversion

# ? muscle actions performed on special equipment in which speed is controlled

Isokinetic

# ? fulcrum is in between the applied force and resistance. example = see

First Class Lever

# ? fulcrum or axis is at the end of the lever, resistance is in the middle, applied force at the opposite end. example = wheelbarrow

Second Class Lever

# ? axis as one end, applied force in the middle and resistance at the opposite end. example = using a hammer to drive a nail into a piece of wood

Third Class Lever

# ? artery of the lower arm. It is felt when taking the pulse at the wrist.

Radial Artery

# ? systolic = 120

Prehypertension

# ? a common disorder in which blood pressure remains abnormally high (a reading of 140/90 mm Hg or greater)

Hypertension

# ? systolic <80

Optimal Blood Pressure

# ? amount of pressure or force exerted against the arterial walls immediately after the heart has contracted

Systolic pressure

# ? amount of pressure still remaining against the arterial walls as the heart relaxes before the next contraction

Diastolic pressure

# ? opposing muscles of the biceps

Triceps

# ? opposing muscles of the posterior deltoid, mid

Anterior and Medial Deltoids

# ? opposing muscles of the erector spinae

Abdominals

# ? extends the back, provides resistance and helps us bend over at the waist

Erector Spinae

# ? works the muscles on the outer part of the upper thigh muscles, A muscle that draws a body part away from the midline or axis of the body.

Hip Abductors

# ? Works the muscles on the inside of the thigh (groin muscles)., Inward toward the median axis of the body or of an extremity.

Hip Adductors

# ? an overuse injury, typically caused by a tight iliotibial band. The band is aggravated by excessive or abnormal rotational movements of the femur and tibia by walking or running

ITB syndrome

# ? the longest and thickest bone, upper leg bone

Femur

# ? Shin bone. On medial side of the leg. Bears most of the weight

Tibia

# ? molecule found in every cell of the body that is composed of adenosine, ribose, and 3 phosphate groups. It is the form in which food energy is stored in your cells

Adenosine Triphosphate

# ? supplies energy very quickly and is the primary source of energy for very high

Phosphagen System

# ? Glucose is used for fuel and is either blood glucose or muscle glycogen, broken down in to pyruvic acid, when there is insufficient oxygen it then is transformed into lactic acid

Anaerobic Glycolytic System

# ? virtually unlimited capacity for making ATP, uses carbs, fat, protein for fuel. Slow to produce ATP

Aerobic Energy System

# ? when work becomes so intense, muscle cells cannot supply the additional energy and rely more on the anaerobic system to produce ATP. At this level, lactic acid begins to accumulate

Anaerobic Threshold

# ? A muscle that is attached to the bones of the skeleton and provides the force that moves the bones.

Skeletal Muscle

# ? a muscle that contracts without conscious control and found in walls of internal organs such as stomach and intestine and bladder and blood vessels (excluding the heart)

Smooth Muscle

# ? forms the walls of the heart

Cardiac Muscle

# ? bring messages back to the brain and spinal cord from the muscles, skin and other areas of the body

Sensory Neurons

# ? send messages from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles causing a neuromuscular response

Motor Neurons

# ? forms the extremities and is composed of the shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle, and leg bones, , the portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it

Appendicular Skeleton

# ? hands upward

Supination

# ? hands downward

Pronation

# ? painful inflammation of the tendon at the outer border of the elbow resulting from overuse of lower arm muscles (as in twisting of the hand)

Tennis Elbow

# ? Inflammation and pain of the flexor and pronator muscles of the forearm where their tendons originate on the medial epicondyle of the humerus; Epicondylitis

Golfer\'s Elbow

# ? a chronic autoimmune disease with inflammation of the joints and marked deformities

Rheumatoid Arthritis

# ? widespread pain in joints, muscles, ligaments, heightened pain at \"Tender\" points

Fibromyalgia

# ? premature bone thining, with a bone density of 1

Osteopenia

# ? condition of atherosclerosis in the extremities, primarly affecting the calves.

Preipheral Artery Disease

# ? disorder of the nervous system, specifically of the basal ganglia, a mass nerve of cells in the brain that is responsible for motor functions

Parkinson\'s Disease

# ? sugars, fruits and vegetables, lactose from milk, cane or beet sugar

Simple Carbohydrates

# ? carrots, broccoli, corn, potatoes, bread, cereal, pasta, rice and beans

Complex Carbohydrates

# ? carbohydrate ranking developed to help define which carbohydrate foods may or may not contribute to the insulin surge and eventual resistance problem

Glycemic Index

# ? primarily indigestible type of carbohydrate found in fresh fruits, vegetables and grains

Fiber

# ? fruits, vegetables, seeds, brown rice, barley and oats. Appears to lower blood cholesterol levels and retard the entry of glucose into the bloodstream

Soluble fiber

# ? includes cellulose, found in whole grains, outside of seeds, fruits, legumes. Promotes more efficient elimination may play a role in colon cancer prevention

Insoluble fiber

# ? animal or fish based foods that supply essential amino acids

Complete Protein

# ? lacks one or more of the essential amino acids. Generally from plants, fruits, grains, vegetables

Incomplete Protein

# ? main type of fat found in the diet and in adipose tissue. Desirable serum levels are under 150 mg/dl

Triglycerides

# ? primarily from animal sources, butter, whole milk dairy products, meat.

Saturated Fats

# ? shown to reduce LDL cholesterol without affecting the beneficial HDL cholesterol. Good sources = canola oil, peanut oil, avocado oil

Monounsaturated Fat

# ? divided into omega

Polyunsaturated Fat

# ? \"good\" blood cholesterol, helps remove plaque from the arterial walls, returning it to the liver. 60 mg/dl or more

HDL cholesterol

# ? \"bad\" blood cholesterol, delivers plaque to the arterial walls. < 100 mg/dl

LDL cholesterol

# ? non

Vitamins

# ? neither vitamins or minerals. They are substances that plants manufacture to protect themselves from viruses, bacteria, fungi, insects and drought.

Phytonutrients

# ? concept of eating foods that are very nutritious relative to the number of calories

Nutrition Density

# ? high in fat, sugar, refined carbohydrates, alcohol

Low Nutrition Density

# ? papaya, peppers, wheat bran, bell peppers, greens, skim milk

High Nutrition Density

# ? calculated by multiplying the grams of carbohydrates by the glycemic index

Glycemic Load

# ? pre

Carbohydrate Loading

# ? having an inadequate supply of glycogen (Carbs) for muscular work. Makes for excessive fatigue and a desire to quit

Hitting the Wall

# ? inadequate supply of glucose to the brain, leading to light

Bonking

# ? an eating disorder in which a normal

Anorexia Nervosa

# ? an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high

Bulimia Nervosa

# ? amenorrhea, osteoporosis, and eating disorders; when left untreated they damage the musculoskeletal and reproductive systems

Female Athlete Triad

# ? a kind of body tissue containing stored fat that serves as a source of energy

Adipose Tissue

# ? accounts for 60

Resting Metabolic Rate

# ? structural and functional elements in cells, body water, muscle, bones, and other organs (anything that is not fat)

Lean Body Mass

# ? Efficacy

Self

# ? yield more positive results because positive outcomes are emphasised often yielding happy moments

Approach Goals

# ? may result in anxiety, depression, and less enjoyment, even if the goal is achieved

Avoidance Goals

# ? Obtained first thing in the morning when you are completely relaxed but conscious, before getting out of bed

Resting Heart Rate

# ? What test may require that it can only be taken by licensed health care providers?

Resting Blood Pressure

# ? opposing muscles of the triceps

biceps

# ? opposing muscles of the biceps

triceps

# ? opposing muscles of the latissimus dorsi

anterior medial deltoids

# ? opposing muscles of the anterior medial deltoids

latissmus dorsi

# ? opposing muscles of the posterior deltoid, mid

pectoralis major

# ? opposing muscles of the erector spinae

abdominals

# ? opposing muscles of the hamstrings

quadriceps

# ? opposing msucles of the hip adductors

hip abductors

# ? How many risk factors are associated with the ACSM Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors?

# ? 1. Men >45 Women >55

Age

# ? 2.Myocardial Infarction, Sudden death before 55 of father, 65 of mother

Family History

# ? 3. Current smoker, or quit 6 months prior

Cigarette Smoking

# ? 4. not participating in at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity activity 3 x a week

Sedentary Lifestyle

# ? fasting plasma glucose >100 mg

Prediabetes

# ? any factor that increases the chance that an individual will develop a disease or condition

Health Risk Factor

# ? helps identify individuals at risk for cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, musculoskeletal or other potential problems

Medical History Form

# ? How many components are associated with a Fitness Assessment?

# ? large amount of information gathered, actual measurement of a person\'s ability at a high level

advantages of max tests

# ? needs special, expensive equipment, riskier due to potential abnormal heart waves

disadvantages of max tests

# ? assess the client\'s functional aerobic fitness, show improvement of that level over time, help develop an appropriate level of exercise intensity

submaximal exercise test

# ? less expensive, less risky, less specialized equipment is required, testing personnel does not have to be as highly trained or qualified

advantages of submax tests

# ? less information is obtained, only estimated and not actually achieved

disadvantages of subxmax tests

# ? Behaviors that minimize diseases and disabilities

Wellness

# ? One professional role of a personal fitness trainer is to assist clients:

in identifying risk factors

# ? What is the term that is defined by incorporating skill

Exercise

# ? In wellness, a physical method used to break the stress/tension cycle is to:

use visualization

# ? 65%

# ? How many servings of fruits and vegetables per day?

# ? How many servings of whole grains should you eat per day?

# ? Resting Metabolic Rate, Energy expended with exertion, the thermic effect of food

3 components of energy expenditure

# ? What is the primary indigestible type of carbohydrate found in fresh fruits, vegetables and grains?

Fiber

# ? In general, the ______ muscles are worked first

larger

# ? Which muscle fiber type is predominantly used during endurance events? (marathons)

slow twitch

# ? What primary muscle has no actual joint action?

transverse abdominals

# ? What is one example of a closed kinetic chain exercise?

leg press

# ? feet stationary but able to move upper body. Touching a nonmovable surface

closed kinetic chain

# ? When the distal end of an extremity is not fixed to any surface, allowing any one joint in the extremity to move or function separately without necessitating movement of other joints in the extremity.

open kinetic chain

# ? a condition of abnormal use of glucose usually caused by too little insulin or lack of response to insulin

Diabetes mellitus

# ? the heart rate of an individual 3 to 5 minutes after a workout. Should be around 100 beats per minute. If any higher, then more conditioning is needed. Body is not recovering fast enough., the gradual return of the heart rate to resting levels within 5

Recovery Heart Rate

# ? the approximate heart rate a person needs to maintain during aerobic exercise in order to benefit from the workout; target heart rate for teens: 145

Target Heart Rate

# ? Personal trainers should make sure that the caliper is ______ to the skinfold

perpendicular

# ? The trapezius moves the:

shoulder girdle

# ? rotate outward, away from the midline (Supination)

Lateral Rotation

# ? rotates inward, towards the middle of the body (Pronation)

Medial Rotation

# ? subjective measure of intensity level of an activity using a numerical scale

Rate of perceived exertion

# ? The difference between maximum heart rate and resting heart rate

Heart Rate Reserve

# ? The heart\'s maximum working capacity. To find maximum heart rate = subtract age from 220 Examples: 220

Maximum Heart Rate

# ? Oxygenated blood flows from the heart through the:

aorta

# ? each of the two upper chambers of the heart that receives blood that comes into the heart

atrium

# ? Each of the two lower chambers of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart

ventricle

# ? airway resistance increases making it difficult to breathe

COPD

# ? Excessive use of the gluteal muscles in some athletes (e.g., ice skaters, cyclists, rock climbers) can lead to hypertrophy or spasm of the piriformis muscle, which can compress the sciatic nerve. In individuals with a proximal split of the sciatic nerve (~12%), the common fibular nerve can become compressed as it passes through piriformis.

Piriformis syndrome

# ? How many calories are in 1 gram of fat?

# ? How many calories are in 1 gram of protein?

# ? How many calories are in 1 gram of carbohydrate?

# ? 1. body weight x .45 =body weight in kg

calculate protein needs

# ? Protein is digested into how many amino acids?

# ? contemplation

pre

# ? during this stage individuals are seriously considering change but still are not ready to initiate new behaviors

contemplation

# ? individuals in this stage are preparing to change. May call a health club, buy an exercise video

preparation

# ? people are actively changing their behavior in this stage.

action

# ? this is the stage that sustains long

maintenance

# ? 5 stages in the change process, precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance

transtheorectical model

# ? lack of access to exercise, expense of exercise, depression and lethargy, multiple health problems, fear of injury, history of sedentary lifestyle

barriers to exercise

# ? Specific, Measurable, Action

SMART

# ? Emotional, Social, Intellectual, Spiritual, Physical, Occupational

6 dimensions of wellness

# ? Which energy system uses glucose, fat and protein for fuel?

aerobic system

# ? A single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it controls

Motor unit

# ? proprioceptor protects the muscle from excessive shortening or lengthening

Golgi tendon organ

# ? supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

rotator cuff muscles

# ? Lie parallel to the muscle fibers; detect changes in muscle length and speed

muscle spindle

# ? trunk flexion test primarily measures the flexibility of the hamstring and erector spinae muscles, as well as the calf and upper back muscles

sit and reach test

# ? Swayback or increase in secondary curvature

excessive lordosis

# ? Hunchback or increase in primary curvature

excessive kyphosis

# ? abnormal lateral curvature of the spine (S

scoliosis

# ? 4 months

# ? aka max heart rate reserve method; training HR = max HR

Karvonen formula

# ? exhaustion

Pre

# ? widely accepted theory of muscle shortening during contraction, thick & thin filaments slide past one another

sliding filament theory

# ? decline in physical performance, elevated blood pressure, muscle tenderness and joint soreness, loss of muscle strength, loss of motivation to exercise

overtraining symptoms

# ? cartilage tears caused by traumatic blows ot the knees, and by bending and straightening the knee to far

meniscus tears

# ? pain in the shin due to repetitive impac loading activities

shin splints

# ? Medially rotates and adducts the arm

teres major

# ? If the activity can be sustained for no more than 15

phosphagen system

# ? This system provides much of the energy for sustained, high

anaerobic glycolytic system

# ? term used to describe the relationship between Muscular Strength & Muscular Endurance

muscular fitness

# ? the achievable range of motion at a joint or group of joints without causing injury

muscular flexibility

# ? judged according to muscle hypertrophy, definition, and symmetry.

bodybuilding

# ? compete in 3 lifts: bench press, squat, dead lift

power lifting

# ? compete in the clean and jerk

olympic lifting

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AFAA Personal Trainer Certification Study Guide Flashcards

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