Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

4004 Orthodontics > Aetiology of Malocclusion > Flashcards

Aetiology of Malocclusion Flashcards

1
Q

Malocclusion

A

Appreciable deviation from the ideal occlusion that may be considered aesthetically or functionally unsatisfactory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Aetiology of Malocclusion

A

skeletal pattern
space deficiency
local factors
soft tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

General factors of malocclusion

A

Skeletal relationship
Tooth/Arch size disproportion
Soft tissues - macroglossia
Genetic and developmental disorders
TMJ Trauma/Growth abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Local factors of malocclusion

A

Early loss/prolonged retention of deciduous teeth
ectopic teeth
absent teeth/supernumeraries
impaction/delayed eruption
local pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

GF: Skeletal F

A

Genetic control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

GF: T & A size

A

Relatively small arches cause crowding
Large teeth may cause crowding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

GF: Soft Tissues

A

Tongue posture and size: AOB/CP
Lip form and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

GF: Genetic and Developmental disorders

A

CLP: Surgical scarring (class III, crossbites), supernumeraries
Achondroplasia: disorder resulting in decreased skeletal growth
Acromegaly: endocrine problem leading to increased mandibular growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Early loss of deciduous teeth effects depend on:

A

Tooth lost e.g., D/E –> space lost as 1st molars drift mesially –> premolar crowding
Age –> effects more severe with earlier loss
Degree of crowding in arch –> more space loss with D or E loss if crowding present/greater midline shift with C loss if permanent incisors crowded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Prolonged retention of deciduous teeth

A

Relatively common
usually Ds or Es
may delay permanent incisor
may become submerged or infra-occluded due to ankylosis (tipping of adjacent teeth/almost all exfoliate naturally/extract only if becoming completely submerged)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Developmental absence of permanent teeth (Hypodontia)

A

2-3%
excludes 8s
severe hypodontia = 6 or more teeth missing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hypodontia tx

A

Space closure
open or maintain space then bridgework
accept

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hypodontia upper laterals

A

Common 2-3%
Associated with ectopic canines and small contralateral lateral incisors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hypodontia lateral incisors tx

A

Space closure
Bridgework
Need fixed appliances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Absent second molars

A

2%
Appear on radiographs as late as 8yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Absent second molars tx

A

Space closure
Bridgework
Use space to tx crowding
accept and retain Es
Prognosis of Es uncertain, unusual to last beyond 30yrs

17
Q

Absent lower central incisors

A

Rare
Tx space closure or bridgework

18
Q

Supernumerary teeth

A

1-2%
80% are anterior maxilla
Morphology and Position used for classifications
Clinical effects include delayed eruption of teeth, crowding and midline diastema

19
Q

Supernumerary teeth tx

A

no tx
extract
exposure and alignment of teeth with delayed eruption
more than 70% of unerupted upper central incisors will erupt following removal of a supernumerary tooth

20
Q

Impacted teeth

A

1st molars
Premolars 3rd molars

21
Q

1st molars

A

3-4%
maxilla
2/3 correct spontaneously
require extraction of E and simple URA to disimpact

22
Q

Premolars

A

2nd premolars
Early loss of E
Tx - extract 4 to allow eruption of 5, extract 7 and distalise 6 to create space, extract 5 (surgical)

23
Q

Ectopic maxillary canines

A

2% incidence

24
Q

Labial fraenum

A

Abnormally thick upper labial fraenum
Sometimes associated with midline diastema
Wait until upper canines erupted before tx
Fraenectomy during or after space closure

25
Q

Early loss of permanent teeth

A

1st molars (caries)
Upper incisors (trauma)

26
Q

Early loss of 1st permanent molars

A

Issues caused –> residual space/OE of opposing first molar/space is difficult to use with appliance for treating anterior crowding or overjet
Ideal age for spontaneous closure is 8-9 years
Upper spaces closure is 8-9 years
Upper spaces close better than lower
Unopposed upper 6s overerupt
midline shift with unilateral loss is minimal

27
Q

Management of carious 1st molars

A

Extraction best age 8-9 yrs, if 6s are of poor prognosis at this age then consider extraction
later extraction –> tipping

28
Q

Lower 3rd molars

A

very weak association with lower incisor crowding
late lower incisor crowding alone is not an indication for lower 3rd molar extraction

29
Q

Early loss of permanent upper incisors

A

due to trauma
class II div I, poor lower lip coverage
try to save if at all possible (RCT, re-implant)
Options if lost or unsaveable –> maintain space with prosthesis. Close space orthodontically and crown lateral poor gingival margin and canine colour

30
Q

Abnormal tooth form

A

Dilaceration of permanent upper incisors
- Root bent
- Trauma to deciduous predecessor
- Delayed or non-eruption
- orthodontic alignment

Peg shaped upper lateral incisors
- strong association with ectopic canines
- other lateral may be absent

4004 Orthodontics (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions