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CAP > Aerospace Education Module 2 > Flashcards

Aerospace Education Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Vocab: reciprocating/ internal combustion engine

A

A type of engine that processes air and fuel through back-and-forth movements of its internal parts.

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2
Q

Vocab: combustion chamber

A

An enclosed container in which fuel and air are burned for the production of energy.

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3
Q

Vocab: stoichiometric

A

A ratio of fuel to air in which, upon combustion, all the fuel is burned.

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4
Q

Vocab: rich mixture

A

A mixture of gasoline and air in which there is more gasoline and less air than needed for normal combustion

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5
Q

Vocab: Stroke (in reference to an engine)

A

A stroke is the movement of the piston to its limits within the combustion chamber.

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6
Q

Vocab: compression

A

The act of making a given volume of gas smaller

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7
Q

Vocab: cycle

A

A recurring set of events. An airplane has four cycles: intake, compression, power, and exhaust

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8
Q

What happens in a reciprocating engine?

A

In a reciprocating engine, gasoline mixes with air to create mini explosions, which give engines their power.

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9
Q

What main components are inside a reciprocating engine?

A

Piston, intake valve, connecting rod, cylinder, and exhaust valve

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10
Q

What are the four ways cylinders can be arranged?

A

In-line, v in-line, horizontally opposed in-line, and radial

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11
Q

How does a gravity-fed fuel system work?

A

The fuel is stored in fuel tanks inside both of the wings. The fuel then flows through the main fuel line to the fuel selector valve.

The pilot controls the fuel selector valve, which determines where the fuel will come from to feed the engine.

Finally, the fuel passes through the carburetor and into the engine.

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12
Q

What is the fuel metering carburetor?

A

The carburetor regulates the flow of air to the engine, in order to produce the right mixture.

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13
Q

Where does the combustion in a combustion engine come from?

A

The spark play creates a spark, which ignites the fuel and air mixture, converting it into energy.

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14
Q

Where does the spark come from in a reciprocating engine?

A

The spark plug

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15
Q

How does a jet engine work?

A

Gasses are heated and expelled through an exhaust pipe, spinning a propeller and producing thrust.

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16
Q

How does a rocket engine work?

A

A rocket engine has a supply of fuel and oxygen that the spark ignites to provide the most amount of power of the three types of engines.

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17
Q

What are the four types of instruments found in airplanes?

A

Engine instruments,pressure instruments, gyro power instruments, and power plant controls

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18
Q

What are the oil temperature and pressure gauge?

A

Engine instruments that work together to ensure that your engine is running smoothly at the correct temperature.

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19
Q

What is the tachometer?

A

An engine instrument that connects to the propeller and allows you to see and regulate the speed of the engine. Also known as a tach.

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20
Q

What is the altimeter?

A

The altimeter is a pressure instrument used in flight. It is set before you take off and displays your altitude by measuring the pressure around the aircraft.

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21
Q

What is the vertical velocity indicator?

A

A pressure instrument used in flight that provides a reading of the rate of climb/descent. It shows zero when the aircraft levels off in flight.

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22
Q

What is an airspeed indicator?

A

A pressure instrument used in flight. Functions as the plane’s speedometer.

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23
Q

What is an airplane attitude indicator?

A

A gyro powered flight instrument that shows the plane’s orientation relative to Earth’s horizon.

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24
Q

What is a heading indicator?

A

A gyro powered flight instrument that is set by the pilot on the ground and helps them determine the direction of flight in the air.

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25
Q

What is a turn coordinator?

A

A gyro powered flight instrument that assists the pilot in turning correctly.

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26
Q

What are the throttle and mixture controls?

A

Powerplant controls that allow the pilot to control how much fuel and air go to the engine.

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27
Q

Vocab: uncontrolled airport

A

An airport without an operating control tower

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28
Q

Vocab: controlled airport

A

An airport with an operating control tower

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29
Q

Vocab: flight profile

A

A standardized set of steps the pilot takes from takeoff to landing

30
Q

Vocab: runway

A

A dedicated pathway for taking off and landing airplanes

31
Q

Vocab: control tower

A

A structure that houses air traffic controllers

32
Q

Vocab: traffic pattern

A

A rectangular virtual path above an airport that facilitates the coordination of the flow of aircraft in the air

33
Q

Vocab: ATC

A

Air traffic control

34
Q

Vocab: ramp

A

The airport’s “parking lot”

35
Q

Vocab: course

A

The intended path of flight, which is measured in angular degrees from true or magnetic north on a compass

36
Q

What are the steps in preflight?

A

Preflight inspection (checking over the exterior of the plane to ensure flyability)

Taxi phase (moving the plane and preparing to enter the runway)

Preflight check (apply brake, check gauges, rev the engine, check seatbelt, call control tower for clearance to take off)

Takeoff (enter the runway and prepare for takeoff)

Traffic pattern (ATC may instruct you to follow the traffic pattern until reaching your desired altitude)

37
Q

What is VFR?

A

Visual flight rules. Use these when weather and visual conditions are cooperative.

38
Q

What is IFR?

A

Instrument flight rules. Follow these for night flights and poor weather conditions. Pilots rely on instrument readings and coordinate with ATC.

39
Q

What is the process to land a plane?

A

Descent (decrease altitude and coordinate landing with ATC)

Traffic pattern (enter the traffic pattern as instructed by ATC)

Landing (find the right speed and glide slope to safely return to the ground)

Taxi phase (find out where you can park the plane)

Shut down (use postflight procedures to properly shut down the plane and fill out your logbook)

40
Q

Vocab: runway heading

A

A number labeling a runway, which is based on corresponding degrees from true or magnetic north

41
Q

Vocab: FSS

A

Flight Services Station. An FAA facility there provides pilots with weather briefings and flight planning (opening and closing)

42
Q

Vocab: wind direction indicators

A

Several types of devices that give a pilot an indicator of wind direction

43
Q

Vocab: segmented circle

A

A set of indicators, usually surrounding an airport’s wind sock, that provide traffic pattern information to pilots from the air

44
Q

Vocab: tetrahedron

A

A device that gives an indication of the landing direction of an airport

45
Q

What does a red sign that says 4-22 mean, and where would it be located?

A

Located on taxiways at intersection with runway or at runway/runway intersection. Means do not cross without clearance (towered airport) or until clear (nontowered airport. At runway/runway intersections, hold short if land and hold-short has been accepted.

46
Q

What does an orange sign with two long parallel lines above two dashed, parallel lines mean, and where is it located?

A

Located at controlled airports at the edge of the protected area of the runway. Signifies the boundary of the runway protected area. A pilot should use sign as a guide to judge when aircraft is free of the protected area.

47
Q

What does an orange sign with pairs of short, vertical lines sandwiched between two long, horizontal, parallel lines signify, and where is it located?

A

Located at the edge of an ILS critical area. Used to identify the boundaries of the ILS.

48
Q

What do letters on the ground signify?

A

A letter with an arrow points a pilot in the direction of the corresponding taxiway. A letter by itself tells a pilot which runway he or she is currently on.

49
Q

What do numbers on taxiways signify?

A

A number on a taxiway points the pilot in the direction of the corresponding runway.

50
Q

What does a purple number sign on a runway do (not the runway heading)?

A

Provides remaining runway length in 1,000 ft increments

51
Q

What do the two-digit numbers on the runway heading mean?

A

These signify the the direction of the runway. They are one-tenth of the runway’s magnetic heading.

52
Q

What are runway edge lights?

A

White lights on either side of the runway. Used to outline the runway at night or in low visibility. Amber on the last half or last 2,000 ft (whichever is less) on instrument runways.

53
Q

What are threshold lights?

A

Green lights that mark the beginning of the runway.

54
Q

What is end-of-runway lighting?

A

The red lights at the end of the runway

55
Q

What is in-runway lighting?

A

White lights in the center of the runway.

56
Q

What is a visual approach slope indicator (VASI)? How does a four-light system function?

A

The set of four lights in front of the runway. A four light system works as follows.

The lights are aligned in a grid. If they are all activated, the aircraft is below the glide path. If none are activated, the aircraft is above the glide path. If only the top two are activated, the aircraft is on the glide path.

57
Q

What three wind direction indicators are found at an airport?

A

Wind socks, wind tees, and tetrahedrons

58
Q

Recite the phonetic alphabet.

A

Alpha
Bravo
Charlie
Delta
Echo
Foxtrot
Golf
Hotel
India
Juliet
Lima
Mike
November
Oscar
Papa
Quebec
Romeo
Sierra
Tango
Uniform
Victor
Whiskey
X-ray
Yankee
Zulu

59
Q

Vocab: sectional chart

A

A chart specifically designed for aviation use and VFR

60
Q

Vocab: nautical mile

A

A unit of length that is approximately 6,076 ft

61
Q

Vocab: longitude

A

A system of lines, known as meridians, connecting the North and South Poles

62
Q

Vocab: latitude

A

A system of lines, known as parallels, that run parallel to the equator

63
Q

Vocab: scale

A

The size of an item or area on a chart compared to its actual size

64
Q

Vocab: cartography

A

The art and science of creating maps and charts

65
Q

Vocab: relief

A

A term used to describe elevations, depicted by color tints, shading, and contour lines on maps

66
Q

Vocab: legend

A

An illustration showing the symbols used in a chart

67
Q

Vocab: chart title

A

Identifies three main aspects: primary city covered by sectional map, scale of the may, and north and south

68
Q

Vocab: edition

A

Provides the dates the sectional map is valid

69
Q

Vocab: sectional maps (Continental United States)

A

Shows available sectional maps. Shaded area is the focus of the map in use.

70
Q

What can typically be found in a legend?

A

Contour interval, highest terrain elevation with location, spot elevation, approximate elevation, color chart for elevation, conversion of elevation scale , and warning notes.

OR

All colors and symbols used in the sectional chart.

71
Q

What can typically be found in a legend?

A

Contour interval, highest terrain elevation with location, spot elevation, approximate elevation, color chart for elevation, conversion of elevation scale , and warning notes.

OR

All colors and symbols used in the sectional chart.

72
Q

Look at pages 41-42 in Aerospace Dimensions Module 2. Can you complete the activity?

A

No/some/yes

Note: do not put confidence level at five. This should be reviewed often.

CAP (4 decks)

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