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CAP > Aerospace Dimensions Mod. 1 > Flashcards

Aerospace Dimensions Mod. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Vocab: aero

A

Pertaining to air

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2
Q

Vocab: aerodynamics

A

Relating to the forces of air in motion

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3
Q

Vocab: aeronautics

A

The science of flight within the atmosphere

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4
Q

Vocab: aerospace

A

A combination of aeronautics and space

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5
Q

Vocab: air

A

A mixture of gasses that contains approximately 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gasses

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6
Q

Vocab: aircraft

A

Any machine capable of flying through the air (ie., ultralights, airplanes, gliders, balloons, helicopters, etc.)

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7
Q

Vocab: airplane

A

An aircraft held aloft by the aerodynamic forces upon its wings and its thrust forward by a means of propulsion

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8
Q

Vocab: airfoil

A

A component, such as a wing, that is specifically designed to produce lift, thrust, or directional stability

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9
Q

Vocab: airport

A

A place on land or water where aircraft can take off and land for flight

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10
Q

Vocab: altitude

A

Height above sea or ground level expressed in units

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11
Q

Vocab: aviation

A

The art, science, and technology of flight within the atmosphere

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12
Q

Vocab: aviator

A

A person who operates an aircraft in flight

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13
Q

Vocab: camber

A

The curved part of an airfoil from its leaving to trailing edge

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14
Q

Vocab: chord

A

A line drawn through an airfoil from its leading to trailing edge

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15
Q

Vocab: downwash

A

The downward movement of air behind a wing

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16
Q

Vocab: drag

A

A force which slows down the forward movement of an aircraft in flight

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17
Q

Vocab: dynamic

A

Forces in motion

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18
Q

Vocab: gravity

A

The natural force pulling everything to Earth

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19
Q

Vocab: leading edge

A

The front part of a wing or airfoil

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20
Q

Vocab: lift

A

The upward force that opposes gravity and supports the weight of an aircraft

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21
Q

Vocab: relative wind

A

The flow of air which moves opposite the flight path of an airplane

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22
Q

Vocab: thrust

A

The force which moves an aircraft forward in flight

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23
Q

Vocab: upwash

A

The upward movement of air ahead of the wing in flight

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24
Q

Vocab: vortex

A

A spinning column of air that is created behind the wingtip as a result of air moving from an area of high pressure on the bottom to an area of low pressure on top

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25
Q

Vocab: wind

A

Air in motion

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26
Q

What happened to Daedalus and Icarus?

A

Daedalus warned Icarus not to fly too close to the sun, but he was having too much fun to listen to his father. He ended up melting the wax that held his wings together, and fell to his death in the Aegean Sea.

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27
Q

What were the first true manned aircraft?

A

Around 1299 A.D., Marco Polo saw Chinese soldier, attached to kites, being used as military observers. These could be considered the first true manned aircraft.

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28
Q

What was the first true, manned, powered flight?

A

On November 21, 1783, Pilatre d’Rosier and Francois d’Arlandes flew over Paris for 25 minutes in a hot air balloon created by Joseph and Etienne Montgolfier.

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29
Q

What are the two phases of bird flight?

A

The ground phase, where the bird starts moving forward fast enough to make air pass over its wings, and the lift phase, where said lift is generated the same way as in an airplane.

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30
Q

What is Newton’s Third Law of Motion?

A

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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31
Q

What is the purpose of the cockpit and where is it located?

A

The cockpit is used for command and control and is typically on the front of the plane

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32
Q

What is the purpose of the fuselage and where is it located?

A

The fuselage is the main body of the plane. It holds it together and carries the payload.

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33
Q

What is the purpose of a winglet and where is it located?

A

A winglet is used to decrease drag. It is a vertical piece on the end of the wing.

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34
Q

What is the purpose of an aileron and where is it located?

A

Ailerons are used to change roll and are found close to the end of the wing, between the flaps and the winglets.

35
Q

What is the purpose of the flaps and where are they located?

A

Flaps are used to increase lift and drag and are found on the wing, close to the fuselage.

36
Q

What is the purpose of the vertical stabilizer and where is it located?

A

The vertical stabilizer is used to control the yaw of a plane and is located on the tail of a plane. It is the vertical piece sticking up from the tail.

37
Q

What is the purpose of the rudder and where is it located?

A

The rudder is located on the vertical stabilizer and is used to change the yaw of the plane.

38
Q

What is the purpose of the horizontal stabilizer and where is it located?

A

The horizontal stabilizers are located on the tail of the plane, sticking out like wings. They are used to control the plane’s pitch.

39
Q

What is the purpose of an elevator and where is it located?

A

Elevators are located on the horizontal stabilizers and are used to change the pitch of the plane.

40
Q

What is the purpose of the wings and where are they located?

A

The wings are used to generate lift and are found jutting out in the middle of the fuselage.

41
Q

What is the purpose of the spoilers and where are they located?

A

The spoilers are used to change the lift, drag, and roll of the plane and are found on the wings, between the flaps and ailerons but closer to the leading edge of the wing.

42
Q

What is the purpose of a turbine engine and where is it located?

A

Turbine engines generate thrust and are found somewhere along the wings, typically either under or inside them.

43
Q

What is the purpose of the slats and where are they located?

A

The slats increase lift and are found on the leading edge of the wing.

44
Q

What is angle of attack?

A

Angle of attack is how the pitch of the aircraft affects the lift generated.

45
Q

Which of the forces gravity, drag, lift, and thrust oppose each other?

A

Gravity and lift

Drag and thrust

46
Q

What are the three axes on a plane?

A

The vertical axis, the lateral axis (wingtip to wingtip), and the longitudinal axis (nose to tail).

47
Q

How many directions can a plane move in?

A

Three

48
Q

How can a plane move based on its axes?

A

The vertical axis allows the nose to move left and right, the lateral axis allows the nose to go up and down, and the longitudinal axis allows the plane to roll left and right.

49
Q

How does the nose of an airplane move left and right?

A

The rudder moves left and right, moving the airplane in the specified direction. To move the nose left, the rudder is pushed to the right, and vice versa.

50
Q

How does a plane roll left and right?

A

The ailerons move opposite to each other, one up and one down. When the pilot wants to roll right, they will push the stick to the right and the right wing aileron will come up as the left one comes down, and vice versa.

51
Q

How does the nose move up and down?

A

The elevators will move up and down, causing the plane to change pitch. When the pilot wants the plane to pitch down, they will push the stick forward, and the elevators will tilt down. Vice versa.

52
Q

How do flaps work and what do they do?

A

Flaps down increase the wing area, resulting in more lift for slower flight and shorter takeoff distances. Flaps up increase drag, making the aircraft slow down faster for landings.

53
Q

What does UAV stand for?

A

Unmanned aerial vehicle

54
Q

What are two important UAVs?

A

The MQ-9 and the RQ-4

55
Q

Vocab: altitude

A

Height above a reference plane such as ground level or sea level

56
Q

Vocab: convection

A

Fluid motion between regions of unequal heating

57
Q

Vocab: density

A

Mass in a given volume

58
Q

Vocab: glide ratio

A

Mathematical relationship between the distance an aircraft glides forward and the altitude loss. (If an aircraft has a 20:1 glide ratio and is 1 mile above the ground, it should glide 20 miles before landing.)

59
Q

Vocab: lapse rate

A

The average rate at which temperature decreases with an increase in altitude. The average is 3 1/2 degrees Fahrenheit per 1000 feet increase in altitude.

60
Q

Vocab: soaring

A

The art of staying aloft by exploiting the energy of the atmosphere

61
Q

Vocab: stability

A

The atmosphere’s resistance to vertical motion

62
Q

Vocab: thermal

A

A column of rising air

63
Q

Vocab: tow plane

A

A usually single engine plane that pulls a glider up from the ground to an altitude where it can be released

64
Q

Vocab: wave

A

A strong undulating up and down motion started as air moves across mountain ranges. This can be used to gain altitude in a sailplane.

65
Q

What are some differences between sailplanes and gliders?

A

Gliders have no engines, while sailplanes have small, retractable ones. Gliders are designed for shorter flights than sailplanes, which can stay aloft for hours using small thermals.

66
Q

Vocab: balloon

A

An aircraft that uses a gas lighter than air for its lift, with no built-in means of horizontal control

67
Q

Vocab: burner

A

The heat source for filling the envelope with hot air

68
Q

Vocab: buoyancy

A

To rise or float on the surface of water or within the atmosphere

69
Q

Vocab: crown

A

The top of the hot air balloon’s envelope

70
Q

Vocab: envelope

A

The main body of the balloon, usually made of nylon, that is filled with lighter-than-air gas

71
Q

Vocab: gondola (balloon)

A

The wicker basket that hangs below the envelope, used to carry passengers and propane tanks

72
Q

Vocab: gore

A

One of several vertical panels that make up the envelope

73
Q

Vocab: Montgolfier

A

The last name of the two French brothers who created the first successful manned hot-air balloon in 1783

74
Q

Vocab: parachute panel

A

A panel in the top of the balloon’s envelope that allows it to be deflated (When a larger area of deflation is needed, some balloons are equipped with a rip panel.)

75
Q

Vocab: propane

A

A lightweight low-carbon fuel used in hot-air balloon burners

76
Q

Vocab: thermistor

A

An instrument that measures the temperature within the envelope

77
Q

Vocab: variometer

A

An instrument that determines the rate of climb or descent, sometimes called a vertical velocity indicator

78
Q

What is a common temperature for the air in balloons?

A

212 degrees Fahrenheit

79
Q

Briefly explain the history of hot air balloons.

A

In the early 1780’s, brothers Joseph and Étienne Montgolfier started experimenting with hot air. They would fill small, lightweight bags with warm air and watch them take flight. Over time, these bags got larger. In 1783, they demonstrated their findings to King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, sending a sheep, a duck, and a rooster into the sky and then safely back down. A few months later, the first manned balloon flight flew over Paris for 25 minutes and landed safely 5 miles from the starting position.

80
Q

How is the air in balloons heated?

A

Onboard propane burners send up thermals, which are caught in the envelope and make the balloon rise.

81
Q

About how many people can a balloon carry?

A

Typically around 4, with some space left over for lightweight equipment.

82
Q

Describe the basket of a balloon.

A

The basket, also known as the gondola, is made of wicker, with a leather scuff pad and hard wood on the bottom to protect it upon landing. The propane tank lies underneath the control panel. The superstructure holds the basket to the envelope, and contains a blast valve and twin burners to create thermals.

83
Q

What makes up a balloon’s instrument panel?

A

The instrument panel is made up of a vertical velocity indicator, or variometer, that indicates the rate of ascent and descent. A thermistor measures the temperature at the top of the balloon, and the altimeter measures altitude.

CAP (4 decks)

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