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Epidemiology > Aerosol and Respiratory Dz > Flashcards

Aerosol and Respiratory Dz Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary, long-term reservoir for Francisella?

A

Rodents and lagomorphs.

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2
Q

How do people usually contract Francisella?

A

Usually by tick.

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3
Q

What is the most common route of infection for cats with Francisella?

A

The eating of rodents.

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4
Q

Besides ticks, how else can humans contract Francisella?

A

By direct contact with animals and carcasses and aerosol.

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5
Q

What is the most common flea vector for Yersinia pestis?

A

Xenopsylla cheopis

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6
Q

What are the 3 common routes humans can become infected with Yersinia pestis?

A
  1. Flea bite
  2. Aerosol from pneumonic cases of plague
  3. Directly from infected animal blood or abscesses
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7
Q

What are the CS of Yersinia infection in cats?

A

Fever, lethargy, anorexia, sepsis, lymphadenopathy - often cervical region, and the poor prognosticator CS - pneumonia and septic shock

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8
Q

What is another name for Bacillus anthracis?

A

Wool Sorter’s Dz

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9
Q 
What are the modes of infection for B. anthracis in:
Herbivores?
Carnivores?
All species?
Veterinarians?
A

Herbivores => Ingestion of spores in soil while grazing
Carnivores => The eating of infected herbivores
All species => Inhalation of spores
Vets => Aerosol or percutaneous exposure to blood from infected animals

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10
Q

Which of the following are postmortem signs of anthrax in cattle?

a. blood not clotted
b. spores in blood on microscopy
c. rapid bloating
d. lack of rigor mortis
e. blood from orifices
f. all of the above

A

All are signs.

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11
Q

The reservoir for the Hantavirus is:

a. rabbits
b. cattle
c. cats
d. rodents
e. wild deer

A

d. rodents

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12
Q

The enveloped, ssRNA Hantavirus belongs to which virus Family?

A

Bunyaviridae.

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13
Q

The primary route of transmission for Hantavirus is?

A

Aerosol => inhalation of viruses in urine and feces

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14
Q

Hantavirus can survive for how long in most bedding under cool conditions?

a. days
b. weeks
c. months
d. years

A

b. weeks

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15
Q

_________ is/are the second most common route of transmission for the Hantavirus?

A

Bites.

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16
Q

What is another name for the “new world” (USA strain) of the Hantavirus Disease?

A

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)

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17
Q

What is the name for the “old world” Hantavirus Disease?

A

Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS)

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18
Q

All of the following are CS for HPS EXCEPT:

a. myalgia
b. fever w/chills
c. increased vascular permeability in lungs
d. diarrhea
e. headaches

A

d. diarrhea

19
Q

_____ _____, _____ _____, and _____ _____ are characteristic of HFRS.

A

Petechial hemorrhage
Renal damage
CV shock

20
Q

When comparing HPS and HFRS, which of the two has the higher fatality rate?

A

HPS => 40%

HFRS => lower at 15%

21
Q

Concerning fungal pulmonary infections: Why are infected humans, cats, dogs, etc not infectious?

A

Their body temperature is too high for sporulation. However, there may be a post-mortem risk if necropsy is delayed too long

22
Q

List 2 examples of saprophytic soil fungi that can become aerosolized and inhaled.

A

Blastomyces and Coccidiodes

23
Q

List 2 agents that have bird/bat reservoirs and can contaminate soil through fecal excretions.

A

Histoplasma and Cryptococcus

24
Q

Coccidioides immitis can __________ and __________ in people, dogs, cats, cattle, horses, etc.

A

infect and amplify

25
Q

Where can Histoplasmosis be found?

A

In soil or buildings with bird feces or bat guano.

26
Q

T/F.

About 90% of animals and humans infected with Histoplasmosis are asymptomatic.

A

True

27
Q

T/F

>80% of animals/people infected with Blastomyces dermatitidis can be asymptomatic.

A

False. >50% can be asymptomatic

28
Q

T/F.

Avian, swine,and canine influenza can all infect humans.

A

False. Only avian and swine have been documented.

29
Q

What results in novel strains of Influenza A?

A

Gene segment reassortment.

30
Q

Match the species with the correct Influenza transmission route.

a. Humans to human 1. Direct and aerosolization
b. Swine 2. Fecal/oral, saliva, nasal secretions
c. Wild birds 3. Direct and indirect (surfaces)
d. Poultry 4. Direct, surfaces, feed, water, aerosol
e. Animal to human 5. Surfaces, manure, and dust

A

Answers:

a. and 3.
b. and 1.
c. and 2.
d. and 4.
e. and 5.

31
Q

Swine infected with Influenza usually exhibit high morbidity (100%) but low mortality. What could cause the mortality rate to increase?

A

Secondary bacterial infection.

32
Q

What systems are affected when avians are infected with LP strains of influenza?

A

Upper respiratory and reproductive.

33
Q

HP strain infections of influenza in Avians leads to high ____ and ____.

A

mortality and death

34
Q

What course of action is taken with animals infected with Influenza?

A

Generally supportive; antivirals are not approved- fear of resistance. Humans are given antivirals.

35
Q

The causative agent for Q Fever aka Abattoir Fever is?

A

Coxiella burnetti

36
Q

What are the 2 morphological forms of Coxiella?

A
  1. large and bacilliform

2. small, high-density form (spore-like)

37
Q

T/F

There is lower shedding of Coxiella in urine and feces.

A

True.

38
Q

Coxiella can cause anorexia and abortion in which species especially.

A

Cattle, sheep, and goats

39
Q

The incubation period of Coxiella in humans is:

a. 2-3 days
b. 1-2 weeks
c. 2-3 weeks
d. 4-5 weeks

A

c. 2-3 weeks

40
Q

There are 2 forms of Chlamydophilia: the elementary body and the reticulate body. Which one is infectious?

A

Elementary body.

41
Q

What are the other names for Chlamydophilia infection in humans.

A

Psittacosis, Chlamydiosis, Parrot Fever

42
Q

Route of transmission for Chlamydophilia in birds is?

A

Fecal-oral

43
Q

CS of Chlamydophilia infection in humans include all of the following EXCEPT:

a. myalgia
b. photophilia
c. cough
d. headache
e. acute febrile syndrome

A

b. not photophilia. PHOTOPHOBIA

Epidemiology (3 decks)

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