Aerobic Respiration

Question 1

Aerobic respiration definition

Answer 1

Respiration in the presence of oxygen. Used for long duration. Produces 36 ATP

Question 2

Aerobic respiration purpose

Answer 2

Produces energy in form of ATP, which all living cells need. Converts stored chemical energy (glucose) into ATP molecules which all cells can use

Question 3

ATP?

Answer 3

Adenosine Triphosphate. A form of energy, fuel for all the chemical reactions of the cell e.g. active transport, protein synthesis, movement of muscles

Question 4

Aerobic Respiration equations

Answer 4

glucose + oxygen ——> water + carbon dioxide + (36) ATP

Question 5

Glycolysis

Answer 5

Stage 1 of aerobic respiration, occurs outside the mitochondria in the cytoplasm. One molecule of glucose is broken down into 2 molecules each of pyruvate and ATP (No oxygen required)

Question 6

Krebs Cycle

Answer 6

Stage 2 of aerobic respiration, pyruvate molecules enter the matrix of the mitochondria and is broken down through a series of reactions to form hydrogen and carbon dioxide

Question 7

Electron transport chain

Answer 7

Stage 3 of aerobic respiration, this occurs in the cristae. Through a series of reactions ATP and H2O is produced. The energy from the breakdown of glucose in respiration adds a high phosphate group to the ADP to make ATP. When the third phosphate is released, energy is produced and returns to being ADP (repeat, energy gained, energy released)

Question 8

Aerobic respiration location

Answer 8

Mitochondria

Question 9

Mitochondria aspects

Answer 9

-Rodshaped to increase surface area for diffusion
-Inner Membrane/Cristae, the organised folds of the inner membrane are called cristae, and increase the surface area for a higher transport rate of reactants (H and O) and products (H2O & CO2)
-Outer membrane is simple and permeable to many molecules that can easily pass through it
-Double membrane allows for compartmentalisation, allowing for reactions to occur in optimum conditions
-liquid matrix, fluid filled space containing many enzymes that can function on the cristae’s large surface area. These are catalysts that speed up the breakdown of glucose products into water and carbon dioxide

Question 10

Why do some cells e.g. sperm cells and muscle cells have a lot of mitochondria compared to other cells?

Answer 10

Because these cells have a high demand for energy, which can be caused by their function, location, etc. Sperm cells and muscles cells undertake a lot of active transport.