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Nutrition and Metabolism > Aerobic Metabolism > Flashcards

Aerobic Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Definition
Location
Function of TCA

A

Oxidation of acetyl CoA => CO2 + H2O
Mitochondrial matrix of all tissues with mitochondria
Energy trapping, biosynthesis of intermediates

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2
Q

TCA in terms of C lost and gained

A

2C (acetyl CoA) + 4C (oxaloacetate) => 6C (citrate)
6C => 5C + CO2
5C => 4C + CO2

Carbon must be added before decarboxylation

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3
Q

TCA cycle overall

A

Oxaloacetate + acetyl CoA =citrate synthase=> citrate

Citrate => Isocitrate

Isocitrate => a-ketoglutarate + 2H + CO2

a ketoglutarate => succinylCoA + 2H + CO2

SuccinylCoA => Fumarate + 2H + GTP

Fumarate => Malate

Malate => Oxaloacetate + 2H

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4
Q

Link reaction

A

Pyruvate + CoA + NAD+ =pyruvate dehydrogenase => Acetyl CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+

Cofactors, thiamine pyrophosphate, lipoid acid, FAD, CoA
Vitamins will affect reaction

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5
Q

Coenzyme A structure

A

CoA - pantoic acid - B alanine - cysteamine

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6
Q

Condensation reaction

A

Oxaloacetate =Acetyl CoA, citrate synthase=> citrate

Add more C before decarboxylation

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7
Q

Isomerisation

A

Citrate <=aconitase=> isocitrate

Make compound more unstable
Aconite needs Fe cofactor

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8
Q

First loss of CO2

A

Isocitrate =isocitrate dehydrogenase NAD=> a ketoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+

Decarboxylation
Oxidation reaction

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9
Q

Second loss of CO2

A

a ketoglutarate + CoA =ketoglutarate dehydrogenase NAD+=> SuccinylCoA + CO2 + NADH + H+

Make compound more unstable and decarboxylation

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10
Q

Trapping thioester bond energy as GTP

A

SuccinylCoA =succinate thiokinase GDP + Pi=> Succinate + GTP + CoA

GTP produced for protein synthesis purposes

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11
Q

Conversion of succinate to fumarate

A

Succinate =succinate dehydrogenase FAD=> Fumarate + FADH2

Oxidation, loss of H

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12
Q

Conversion of fumarate to malate

A

Fumarate =fumarase + H2O=> malate

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13
Q

Conversion of mlatae to oxaloacetate

A

Malate =malate dehydrogenase NADH=> Oxaloacetate + NAD+

Oxidation

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14
Q

Role of FAD as H acceptor

A

FAD + 2H+ + 2e- <=> FADH2

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15
Q

Generation of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation

A

Reoxidation of NADH => NAD+ occurs by transfer of 2H to cytochrome chain carriers
Pair of H atoms transferred to O2 =>H2O
Results in synthesis of <3ATP from

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16
Q

Describe the ETC

A

Complex 1 pumps H+ into inter membrane space from NADH=>NAD+
Complex 2 for FADH2 => FAD
Complex 3 and 4 pumps H+ into intramembrane space

Electrons released in C1 passed to C2, 3, 4
Higher conc of H+ on inter membrane space than inner mitochondrial matrix, reenter via ATP synthase pump, synthesis ATP from ADP and Pi

17
Q

Energy yields of TCA cycle

A

3 enzyme reaction produce NADH and H+
1 enzyme reaction produces FADH2
1 enzyme reaction produces GTP

3 x 2.5 ATP
1 x 2 ATP
1 GTP
Total, 10 ATP (new total)

Approximation for ATP synthesized with OP

18
Q

Irreversibility of key stages

A

Citrate synthetase
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

All irreversible, highly exergonic

19
Q

Rate of TCA cycle regulated by feedback inhibition of key enzymes

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

A

ADP activates

NADH inhibits

20
Q

Rate of TCA cycle regulated by feedback inhibition of key enzymes

Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

A

NADH inhibits

SuccinylCoA inhibits

21
Q

Rate of TCA cycle regulated by feedback inhibition of key enzymes
Citrate synthetase

A

NADH inhibits

SuccinylCoA inhibits

22
Q

Biosynthetic role of TCA cycle

Citrate

A

Citrate => fatty acids, sterols

23
Q

Biosynthetic role of TCA cycle

a ketoglutarate

A

A ketoglutarate <=transamination=> glutamate => other AA, purines

24
Q

Biosynthetic role of TCA cycle

Malate

A

Malate <=malic enzyme=> pyruvate

25
Q

Biosynthetic role of TCA cycle

Oxaloacetate to sugars

A

Oxaloacetate <=PEP carboxylase=> phosphoenol pyruvate => glucose

26
Q

Biosynthetic role of TCA cycle

Oxaloacetate to AA

A

Oxaloacetate <=transamination=> aspartate => other AA, purine, pyramidine

27
Q

Biosynthetic role of TCA cycle

Pyruvate to oxaloacetate

A

Pyruvate carboxylase

Nutrition and Metabolism (14 decks)

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