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Microbiology - Bacteriology > Aerobic Gram Positive Cocci > Flashcards

Aerobic Gram Positive Cocci Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is catalase?

A

An enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.

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2
Q

Is Staphylococcus catalase positive or negative?

A

Catalase positive.

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3
Q

Is Streptococcus catalase positive or negative?

A

Catalase negative.

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4
Q

What is the function of coagulase?

A

Coagulase converts fibrinogen to fibrin, leading to clot formation.

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5
Q

Which organism is primarily identified by the coagulase test?

A

Staphylococcus aureus.

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6
Q

What does DNase do?

A

DNase is an enzyme that degrades DNA.

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7
Q

True or False: Bacitracin is an antibiotic that inhibits cell wall synthesis.

A

True.

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the bacitracin sensitivity test?

A

To differentiate Streptococcus pyogenes from other beta-hemolytic streptococci.

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9
Q

What does the CAMP test detect?

A

The presence of the CAMP factor produced by Streptococcus agalactiae.

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10
Q

True or False: Optochin is used to differentiate Streptococcus pneumoniae from other alpha-hemolytic streptococci.

A

True.

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11
Q

What is the Lancefield classification used for?

A

To categorize beta-hemolytic streptococci based on carbohydrate composition of antigens.

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12
Q

What Lancefield group is Streptococcus pyogenes classified into?

A

Group A.

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13
Q

What Lancefield group is Streptococcus agalactiae classified into?

A

Group B.

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: Staphylococcus species are typically _____ hemolytic.

A

beta or non-hemolytic.

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15
Q

What is the primary pathogenic species of Staphylococcus?

A

Staphylococcus aureus.

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16
Q

What type of hemolysis does Streptococcus pneumoniae exhibit?

A

Alpha hemolysis.

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17
Q

True or False: All Staphylococcus species are coagulase positive.

A

False.

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18
Q

What is the clinical significance of DNase production?

A

It helps in identifying pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus.

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19
Q

What test can be used to identify Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Optochin sensitivity test.

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: The presence of _____ is a key factor in identifying Streptococcus agalactiae.

A

CAMP factor.

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21
Q

What is the main virulence factor of Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Protein A.

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22
Q

Which organism is known for causing necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes.

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23
Q

What is the appearance of a positive coagulase test?

A

Clot formation in the test tube.

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24
Q

True or False: Bacitracin is effective against Streptococcus pneumoniae.

A

False.

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25
Q

What test differentiates Staphylococcus saprophyticus from Staphylococcus epidermidis?

A

Novobiocin sensitivity test.

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26
Q

What does a positive CAMP test indicate?

A

The organism is likely Streptococcus agalactiae.

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27
Q

What is the primary role of the Lancefield classification system?

A

To identify groups of streptococci based on their carbohydrate antigens.

28
Q

Fill in the blank: Optochin sensitivity is used to differentiate Streptococcus pneumoniae from _____.

A

Streptococcus viridans.

29
Q

True or False: All beta-hemolytic streptococci are Lancefield group A.

A

False.

30
Q

Which Staphylococcus species is often associated with urinary tract infections?

A

Staphylococcus saprophyticus.

31
Q

What type of agar is used to perform the bacitracin sensitivity test?

A

Blood agar.

32
Q

Fill in the blank: The coagulase test is typically performed on _____ species.

A

Staphylococcus.

33
Q

What is the significance of DNase production in Staphylococcus aureus?

A

It indicates the organism’s ability to degrade DNA and is a marker for virulence.

34
Q

What type of hemolysis is exhibited by Streptococcus pyogenes?

A

Beta hemolysis.

35
Q

What is the primary method of identifying Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Optochin sensitivity test.

36
Q

Fill in the blank: Lancefield groups are designated by letters from _____ to _____.

A

A to V.

37
Q

What is the main differentiating factor between Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Coagulase production.

38
Q

What does a negative DNase test indicate?

A

The organism does not produce DNase.

39
Q

True or False: Streptococcus pneumoniae is optochin resistant.

A

False.

40
Q

What type of infections is Streptococcus agalactiae commonly associated with?

A

Neonatal infections.

41
Q

What is the genus of Enterococcus?

A

Enterococcus

42
Q

Are Enterococcus species gram-positive or gram-negative?

A

Gram-positive

43
Q

Which type of hemolysis is typically associated with Enterococcus?

A

Gamma hemolysis

44
Q

True or False: Enterococcus can be part of the normal intestinal flora.

A

True

45
Q

What color does Enterococcus produce on bile esculin agar?

A

Black

46
Q

What is bacitracin used for in microbiology?

A

To differentiate between streptococci species.

47
Q

Fill in the blank: Enterococcus faecalis is a common species found in _______.

A

Human intestines

48
Q

What type of infections are commonly associated with Enterococcus species?

A

Urinary tract infections

49
Q

Which Enterococcus species is most frequently isolated from clinical specimens?

A

Enterococcus faecalis

50
Q

True or False: Enterococcus is resistant to many antibiotics.

A

True

51
Q

What is the primary distinguishing factor between alpha, beta, and gamma hemolysis?

A

The ability to lyse red blood cells and change the color of the agar.

52
Q

Which hemolytic pattern shows complete lysis of red blood cells?

A

Beta hemolysis

53
Q

What is the significance of bile esculin hydrolysis?

A

It indicates the ability of an organism to grow in the presence of bile and to hydrolyze esculin.

54
Q

Which hemolytic pattern is characterized by no lysis of red blood cells?

A

Gamma hemolysis

55
Q

What test can be used to differentiate Enterococcus from Streptococcus?

A

Bile esculin test

56
Q

Fill in the blank: Enterococcus species are known for their _______ resistance.

A

Vancomycin

57
Q

What is a common characteristic of Enterococcus in laboratory culture?

A

They can grow in high salt concentrations.

58
Q

True or False: Enterococcus can be pathogenic in immunocompromised individuals.

A

True

59
Q

What type of bacteria are Enterococcus often confused with due to similar morphology?

A

Streptococcus

60
Q

Which Enterococcus species is often associated with endocarditis?

A

Enterococcus faecalis

61
Q

What is the role of bacitracin in differentiating Streptococcus species?

A

It inhibits the growth of certain bacteria, helping to identify species.

62
Q

Fill in the blank: Enterococcus is a facultative _______.

A

Anaerobe

63
Q

What is the main clinical concern regarding Enterococcus species?

A

Antibiotic resistance

64
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of beta-hemolytic bacteria? A) Partial lysis B) No lysis C) Complete lysis

A

C) Complete lysis

65
Q

True or False: All Enterococcus species are pathogenic.

A

False

Microbiology - Bacteriology (6 decks)

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