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Microbiology - Bacteriology > Aerobic Gram Positive Bacilli > Flashcards

Aerobic Gram Positive Bacilli Flashcards

1
Q

What bacterium is primarily responsible for diphtheria?

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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2
Q

What type of media is used to isolate Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

A

Tellurite agar

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3
Q

True or False: Loeffler’s serum medium is used for the cultivation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

A

True

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4
Q

What test is used to identify Corynebacterium diphtheriae using an immunological method?

A

Elek test

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5
Q

Which genus does Listeria belong to?

A

Listeria

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6
Q

Name a distinguishing feature of Bacillus species.

A

They are spore-forming.

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7
Q

What is a key characteristic of Mycobacterium species?

A

They have a waxy cell wall due to mycolic acids.

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8
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary toxin produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae is called _______.

A

diphtheria toxin

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9
Q

What is the primary mode of transmission for Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

A

Respiratory droplets

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10
Q

True or False: Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a gram-negative bacterium.

A

False

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11
Q

Which laboratory technique is used to visualize Corynebacterium diphtheriae under a microscope?

A

Gram staining

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12
Q

What is the shape of Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

A

Club-shaped (pleomorphic)

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13
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Listeria monocytogenes? A) Motile B) Non-spore forming C) Gram-negative D) Can cause meningitis

A

C) Gram-negative

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14
Q

What type of environment does Mycobacterium require for growth?

A

Aerobic

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15
Q

Name one disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes.

A

Listeriosis

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16
Q

True or False: Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax.

A

True

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17
Q

What is the primary laboratory test for identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A

Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear

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18
Q

Fill in the blank: The Elek test is used to determine the presence of _______ in Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

A

diphtheria toxin

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19
Q

Which medium is selective for Listeria species?

A

Listeria-selective agar (e.g., PALCAM agar)

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20
Q

What is the significance of the tellurite reduction in the culture of Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

A

It indicates the presence of the bacterium.

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21
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of Corynebacterium diphtheriae? A) It is spore-forming B) It is catalase-positive C) It is anaerobic D) It is a cocci

A

B) It is catalase-positive

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22
Q

What is the primary treatment for diphtheria?

A

Diphtheria antitoxin and antibiotics

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23
Q

True or False: Mycobacterium leprae is the causative agent of leprosy.

A

True

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24
Q

What is the primary reservoir for Listeria monocytogenes?

A

Animal products (e.g., dairy, meats)

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25
Q

Fill in the blank: Bacillus cereus is known for causing _______ food poisoning.

A

emetic and diarrheal

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26
Q

Which staining method is used for Mycobacterium species to highlight their unique cell wall?

A

Ziehl-Neelsen stain

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27
Q

What type of toxin is produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

A

Exotoxin

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28
Q

True or False: Listeria can grow at refrigerator temperatures.

A

True

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29
Q

What is the role of the Elek test in clinical microbiology?

A

To confirm toxin production by Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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30
Q

Which species of Bacillus is commonly associated with foodborne illness?

A

Bacillus cereus

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31
Q

Fill in the blank: The virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is primarily due to its _______ structure.

A

cell wall

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32
Q

What is the primary purpose of the Runyon classification?

A

To categorize mycobacteria based on their growth characteristics and pigmentation.

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33
Q

How many groups are there in the Runyon classification?

A

There are four groups.

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34
Q

Which group of the Runyon classification includes non-pigmented, slow-growing mycobacteria?

A

Group I.

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35
Q

True or False: Group II mycobacteria are characterized by rapid growth and produce yellow pigments.

A

True.

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36
Q

Fill in the blank: Mycobacteria in Group III are known as ______ mycobacteria.

A

Photochromogenic.

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37
Q

What defines Group IV in the Runyon classification?

A

Non-photochromogenic, slow-growing mycobacteria.

38
Q

Which group does Mycobacterium tuberculosis belong to?

39
Q

What is a key characteristic of Group II mycobacteria?

A

They grow rapidly and produce pigments in the light.

40
Q

Name one example of a mycobacterium from Group III.

A

Mycobacterium kansasii.

41
Q

True or False: All mycobacteria are pathogenic.

42
Q

Which group contains mycobacteria that do not produce pigments regardless of light exposure?

43
Q

What is the growth rate of mycobacteria in Group I?

A

Slow-growing.

44
Q

Fill in the blank: Mycobacterium leprae is categorized under ______.

45
Q

Which type of mycobacteria are typically used in the production of vaccines?

A

Attenuated strains from Group I.

46
Q

What are the growth characteristics of Group II mycobacteria?

A

Rapid growth and production of pigments in light.

47
Q

Give an example of a non-pathogenic mycobacterium.

A

Mycobacterium smegmatis.

48
Q

True or False: Mycobacterium avium complex is part of Group IV.

49
Q

What is a significant clinical implication of differentiating mycobacteria using the Runyon classification?

A

It helps in identifying and treating specific infections.

50
Q

Which group includes mycobacteria that are only pathogenic in immunocompromised individuals?

51
Q

Fill in the blank: Mycobacterium fortuitum is classified under ______.

52
Q

What is the main feature of photochromogenic mycobacteria?

A

They produce pigments when exposed to light.

53
Q

Which group of mycobacteria is often associated with chronic lung infections?

A

Group III.

54
Q

True or False: Group I mycobacteria can grow in the absence of oxygen.

55
Q

What is the significance of pigmentation in mycobacteria?

A

It helps in classification and identification.

56
Q

Name a characteristic that distinguishes Group I from Group II mycobacteria.

A

Group I is slow-growing, while Group II is rapid-growing.

57
Q

What role does the Runyon classification play in microbiology?

A

It aids in the identification and classification of mycobacterial species.

58
Q

Fill in the blank: The term ‘non-chromogenic’ refers to mycobacteria that do not produce ______.

59
Q

Which group of mycobacteria is often used in research and laboratory settings?

60
Q

True or False: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a photochromogenic organism.

61
Q

What is the common feature of all mycobacteria in Group IV?

A

They are non-pathogenic and slow-growing.

62
Q

How does light exposure affect the pigmentation of Group III mycobacteria?

A

It induces pigment production.

63
Q

What is the clinical significance of identifying mycobacteria in Group II?

A

They are often responsible for opportunistic infections.

64
Q

Fill in the blank: Mycobacterium bovis is an example of a mycobacterium in ______.

65
Q

What is Hansen’s bacillus commonly known as?

A

Mycobacterium leprae

66
Q

True or False: Lumpy jaw is a condition caused by a bacterial infection.

67
Q

What type of organism is Nocardia?

A

A genus of bacteria

68
Q

Fill in the blank: Hansen’s bacillus primarily affects the ______ system.

69
Q

What disease is associated with Hansen’s bacillus?

70
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a symptom of lumpy jaw? A) Fever B) Swelling of the jaw C) Nausea D) Rash

A

B) Swelling of the jaw

71
Q

True or False: Nocardia can cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals.

72
Q

What is the primary transmission route for Hansen’s bacillus?

A

Through prolonged close contact with an infected person

73
Q

Fill in the blank: The treatment for leprosy typically includes ______ drugs.

A

antibiotic

74
Q

What is the scientific name for the bacteria that cause lumpy jaw?

A

Actinomyces bovis

75
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following conditions is NOT caused by Nocardia? A) Nocardiosis B) Actinomycosis C) Leprosy D) Pulmonary infections

A

C) Leprosy

76
Q

True or False: Lumpy jaw is primarily a disease of humans.

77
Q

What laboratory test is commonly used to diagnose leprosy?

A

Skin biopsy

78
Q

Fill in the blank: Nocardia species are often found in ______ environments.

79
Q

What is the incubation period for Hansen’s bacillus infection?

A

Several years

80
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a treatment option for nocardiosis? A) Corticosteroids B) Antifungals C) Antibiotics D) Vaccines

A

C) Antibiotics

81
Q

True or False: Lumpy jaw can lead to the formation of abscesses.

82
Q

What is the primary method of prevention for leprosy?

A

Early diagnosis and treatment of infected individuals

83
Q

Fill in the blank: The bacteria causing lumpy jaw are ______ anaerobic.

A

facultatively

84
Q

What is a common characteristic of Nocardia infections?

A

They can cause pulmonary disease.

85
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a risk factor for Nocardia infection? A) Diabetes B) Hypertension C) Asthma D) Osteoporosis

A

A) Diabetes

86
Q

True or False: Hansen’s bacillus can be completely eradicated from an infected individual.

87
Q

What is the typical duration of antibiotic treatment for leprosy?

A

6 months to 2 years

88
Q

Fill in the blank: The main route of transmission for lumpy jaw is through ______ injuries.

89
Q

What role do macrophages play in the immune response to Hansen’s bacillus?

A

They are involved in the containment and destruction of the bacteria.

90
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common complication of untreated lumpy jaw? A) Osteomyelitis B) Diabetes C) Hypertension D) Anemia

A

A) Osteomyelitis

Microbiology - Bacteriology (6 decks)

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