Aerial Apparatus Ch. 6 Flashcards
In most cases, there are _______ for the positioning of aerial apparatus
No hard and fast rules
The process of positioning the apparatus at an actual fire incident will be at the discretion of ___________, ___________, or _______________ and influenced by _________________.
the Incident commander, truck company officer, or the driver/operator ; conditions of the fire ground
Aerial apparatus placement on the fire ground is critically important because aerial devices and ladders ____________________.
have a fixed, maximum length
Pumpers and other fire apparatus may carry_______ of fire hose and can attach more length if they need to be positioned at a great distance from the fire.
1000 ft (300 m)
Many fire agencies have developed ____________ that assist with the orderly placement of aerial apparatus on the fire ground.
standard operating procedures
Generally, these standard operating procedures apply to aerial apparatus that are assigned to the ___________ to an emergency.
Initial response
Later-arriving aerial apparatus at large incidents will be positioned according to ____________ the incident management personnel develops at the scene.
Incident Action plans (IAP)
In many cases, the development of apparatus placement procedures should be a function of _______________.
Pre-incident planning
Fire departments use many different procedures for positioning aerial apparatus assigned to the initial response, including the following three examples:
- When two aerials respond to a given location, the first-arriving aerial takes __________ and the second goes to____________, depending on building access.
- When two aerials respond to a given location, the first aerial’s position is based the___________ . The second aerial ________ or in accordance with departmental SOPs and awaits instructions.
- When a single aerial apparatus responds to a given location, the apparatus takes a strategically sound location _________ of the fire building unless otherwise directed by the Incident Commander. For example, the apparatus may be centered in front of the involved portion of the building for offensive operations or _______________ (out of the collapse zone) for defensive operations.
the front of the building ; the rear or side
present conditions; stages one block away
in front ; at a corner of the building
Some fire departments establish an SOP about apparatus placement based upon the __________ at the scene.
For example, if the fire building is_______________, engine companies should park on the side closest to the building, and aerial apparatus should park on the outside.
The philosophy here is that the building is low enough to be reached by the aerial device even if it has to go over the closer engines.
If the building is_________________, the engines take the outside position and the aerials park next to the building.
This allows the aerial’s maximum reach.
This procedure also assumes that the department is operating aerial devices
with a reach of ______ feet
height of the building
less than five stories (about 60 feet)
greater than five stories (more than 60 feet)
100
For any given situation, the proper distance between the objective and the aerial apparatus is the distance that affords ___________, ___________, and _____________.
the maximum stability, the best climbing angle, and adequate extension
_____________ place the maximum amount of stress on an aerial device and, in some cases, reduce the load carrying capacity of that device.
Long extensions at low angles
_____________ affects the distance that the aerial device may be positioned from the building.
The condition of the fire building
Possible stress to the aerial device can also have an impact on where the apparatus should be positioned.
Stresses are those factors that ____________ of the aerial device.
Stress may be imposed in both ________ and _________operation.
The stress tends to be greater when the aerial device ____________.
work against the strength
static and dynamic (in motion)
is in motion
Aerial device stress can occur from one or a combination of the following conditions:
• Excessive___________, both horizontal and vertical, measured from the truck’s center line axis
• Operation in ____________ (uphill, downhill, or lateral grades)
• Operation in _________ vs __________ positions
• Length of _______________
• _________ from elevated master stream
• ________/________ of hose, water, personnel, and/or equipment on the aerial device
•________ reaction
• __________ of the aerial device (sudden starts and stops, rough operation of hydraulic controls)
degree of angle
nonparallel positions
supported vs. unsupported
aerial device extension
Nozzle reaction
Weight and/or movement
Wind
Improper operation
Tactical Considerations for Aerial Positioning
• ________ exposure (radiant and convection)
- _____ on ladder or platform
- _________ with the building or other object
- Improper ______________
- ________ caused by road travel
Heat
Ice
Impact
stabilization
Wear
There are four main tactical uses for any aerial device (excluding water towers):
_________, ____________, ____________, and ______________.
rescue, access to upper levels, ventilation, and fire suppression.
RESCUE
The best rescue approach is made from_______, so consequently the apparatus should be parked so that the aerial device turntable is ________ of the target.
If possible, the driver/operator should position aerial apparatus used for rescue ______________.
This positioning allows rescuers to use the aerial device to reach victims on two sides of the building and is a less vulnerable position in the event that a structural collapse occurs.
Upwind; upwind
at the corner of the building
RESCUE
If a rescue is to be made from an area threatened by fire, hoselines can be used to protect the victims, rescuers, and the aerial device.
If these protective hoselines are needed, caution must be used when selecting the fire stream for the lines.
__________ or __________ directed against an aerial device can place damaging load stresses on the device that could ultimately result in a collapse of the device, especially if other factors such as wind or icing conditions are also present.
The preferred procedure is to use a ___________ to push the heat or fire away from the aerial while rescue operation is in progress.
Solid stream or straight stream master streams
wide-angle fog stream
RESCUE
Placement of an apparatus equipped with an elevating platform device will depend on how the driver/operator plans to get the victim into the platform.
If the victim is to be lifted over the top rail, the driver/operator should position the apparatus so that the turntable is __________________.
This placement allows the front of the platform to be positioned squarely in front of the target.
If the victim enters the platform through the hinged gate, the turntable must be positioned ______________ because the platform gates are typically on the side of ______________.
Therefore, the device must be raised at an angle to the target to provide safe access to the gates.
directly in line with the target
a little forward or behind the target ; the platform
ACCESS TO UPPER LEVELS
Several operations require the use of aerial devices to give firefighters access to upper levels.
Among them are performing interior work with ____________________.
This type of work can be performed with most aerial devices in use today.
Aerial devices are used as ____________ in the event unsafe conditions occur.
The devices are also used as a method by which ____________ can be deployed to upper levels.
handlines off the aerial device
a means of escape
portable equipment
ACCESS TO UPPER LEVELS
Apparatus position should provide the ___________to the firefighters using the aerial device.
Positioning the apparatus on the side of the building ______ often provides a safe position.
In addition, this position allows interior attack crews to advance hoselines toward the fire area from the unburned side, which is a standard fire fighting tactic used to avoid pushing the fire into the unburned portions of the building.
maximum degree of safety
opposite the fire
VENTILATION
If the aerial device is being used to provide access for ventilating a pitched roof, it may be possible to position the apparatus so that the firefighters may ___________.
This is beneficial especially in a fully involved building where the roof may potentially collapse.
In order to reduce the risk of personnel injury, whenever possible, ____________ to the aerial device with rescue quality rope.
operate directly from the device
tether firefighters
VENTILATION
When providing access for ventilating a flat roof, the driver/operator should position the aerial apparatus on the unburned side of the structure _______________________.
This position minimizes the travel distance between the work area and the aerial and could be important in the event of roof failure.
The aerial should be placed so that the vent holes _________________________.
Aerial ladders should be extended at least ___ feet above the roof level.
When operating with an aerial platform, the driver/operator should extend the platform so that _______________________.
as close a as possible to the area being ventilated
will not be cut in the travel path back to the device
6
the floor of the platform is at roof level
VENTILATION
Positioning the aerial device as close to the area being ventilated _____________ in the event a hasty retreat is required.
If the aerial device is being used to assist with horizontal ventilation, such as breaking or removing windows, the turntable should be positioned so that the entire aerial device will be _____________ of the ventilation point(s) and will have access to as many windows as possible
Ultimately, the goal is to place the tip of the aerial device upwind of the window being opened and ___________________.
If the aerial device is being used to assist horizontal ventilation efforts, the tip of the device should be placed in the __________ of the window on the upwind side
reduces the time and distance to the device
Upwind
slightly higher than the opening
upper corner
ELEV. MASTER STREAMS
It is common to use an aerial device for elevated master streams, which can be used in _________, _________, and __________.
When used in a blitz attack, the driver/operator should position the apparatus to _____________________.
The ultimate goal will be to place the nozzle in the ______________ so that the fire stream may be directed upward toward the ceiling.
blitz attacks, defensive attacks, and exposure protection
give the fire stream as much reach into the fire area as possible
lower portion of the window opening
ELEV. MASTER STREAMS
________-Aggressive attack upon a fire from the exterior with a large diameter fire stream.
_________- Exterior fire attack with emphasis on exposure protection .
_________– Covering any object in the immediate vicinity of the fire with water or foam.
Blitz Attack
Defensive Attack
Exposure Protection
ELEV. MASTER STREAMS
When crews are working inside the building, never perform external fire attacks using master streams, including from the aerial device.
External master stream attacks pose a serious safety threat to interior fire fighting crews by the disturbance of the_________, the large volume of ______ created, the possibility of being _________, and the additional _______ imposed on the building.
Be aware of collapse if water is not draining from the building at the approximate rate of input.
interior balance
Steam
struck by the stream
weight
ELEV. MASTER STREAMS
In some cases, the aerial device may be used as a master stream closer to
ground level, especially if the apparatus is equipped with water towers and
telescoping aerial platforms
If the aerial device is used in this manner, the driver/operator should position the apparatus so that _______________________________ ( usually a window, door, or opening of some type).
This position allows the fire stream to penetrate as far into the fire area as possible.
the turntable is directly in line with the intended target
ELEV. MASTER STREAMS
A recommended tactic is to direct the master stream at the _____ of the target fire area.
This type of attack will penetrate the area without disturbing the thermal balance and break the stream into finer water particles upon contact with the ceiling, creating a near perfect atmosphere for steam conversion.
Ceiling
