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ASNSW Pharmacology > Adverse Effects > Flashcards

Adverse Effects Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenaline : Adverse

A
  1. Tachycardia
  2. Dysrhythmias including ventricular fibrillation
  3. Hypertension
  4. Pupillary dilation
  5. Anxiety
  6. Nausea & vomiting
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2
Q

Amiodarone : Adverse

A
  1. Hypotension
  2. Bradycardia
  3. Dysrythmias
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3
Q

Aspirin : Adverse

A
  1. Allergic reactions (e.g. asthma, angioneurotic oedema, rhinitus, urticaria, laryngeal oedema and shock - check for Hx of previous reaction)
  2. Aggravation of any bleeding tendency
  3. Gastric irritation (unlikely to be significant with one tablet)
  4. Bleeding may take longer to stop.
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4
Q

Atropine : Adverse

A
  1. Dry mouth
  2. Blurred vision
  3. Tachycardia
  4. Nausea & vomiting
  5. Hyperthermia
  6. Dysrhythmias
  7. Agitation, delirium, hallucinations, seizure and coma may occur in high doses
  8. Urinary retention
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5
Q

Benzyl Penicillin : Adverse

A

Hypersensitivity reactions may occur (e.g. urticaria, angio-oedema, convulsions and anaphylaxis)

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6
Q

Calcium Gluconate : Adverse

A
  1. May [+] myocardial and cerebral damage by increasing intracellular calcium levels
  2. Tissue necrosis if extravasation from vein occurs
  3. Dysrhythmias
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7
Q

Clopidogrel : Adverse

A
  1. Allergic reactions (e.g. asthma, angioneurotic oedema, rhinitus, urticaria, laryngeal oedema and shock - check for Hx of previous reaction)
  2. Aggravation of any bleeding tendency
  3. Gastric irritation (unlikely to occur with the current dose)
  4. Bleeding may take longer to stop
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8
Q

Compound Sodium Lactate : Adverse

A
  1. Pulmonary Oedema
  2. Hypothermia
  3. When given in excess can contribute to coagulopathy (hypothermic & dilutional) and exacerbate acidosis.
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9
Q

Droperidol : Adverse

A
  1. Extrapyramidal reactions
  2. Rarely, neuroleptic malignant syndrome (characterised by muscular rigidity, fever, hyperthermia, altered consciousness and autonomic instability)
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10
Q

Enoxaparin Sodium : Adverse

A
  1. Aggravation of any bleeding tendency
  2. Allergic reactions (e.g. asthma, angioneurotic oedema, rhinitus, urticaria, laryngeal oedema and shock)
  3. Bleeding may take longer to stop.
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11
Q

Fentanyl : Adverse

A
  1. Respiratory depression
  2. Hypotension
  3. Nausea & vomiting
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12
Q

Fexofenadine : Adverse

A
  1. Headache
  2. Drowsiness
  3. Nausea
  4. Dry mouth
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13
Q

Frusemide : Adverse

A
  1. Excessive diuresis can lead to hypovolaemic shock

2. Potassium loss can precipitate dysrhythmias

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14
Q

Glucagon : Adverse

A
  1. Nausea & vomiting

2. Allergic reactions rarely occur

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15
Q

Glucose 10% : Adverse

A
  1. Tissue necrosis if extravasation from vein occurs
  2. May aggravate brain damage in head injuries and strokes
  3. May precipitate Wernicke’s Encephalopathy in alcoholics with thiamine deficiency.
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16
Q

Glucose Gel : Adverse

A

May precipitate Wernicke’s Encephalopathy in alcoholics with thiamine deficiency.

17
Q

Glyceryl Trinitrate : Adverse

A
  1. Hypotension
  2. Flushing
  3. Headache
18
Q

Hydrocortisone : Adverse

A

Nil

19
Q

Ibuprofen : Adverse

A
  1. Nausea & vomiting
  2. GI irritation
  3. Diarrhoea
  4. Renal impairment
  5. Uncommon : hypersensitivity reactions with urticaria and pruritus
20
Q

Influenza Vaccine : Adverse

A
  1. Feeling weak (Asthenia)
  2. Diaphoresis
  3. Malaise
  4. Headache
  5. Arthralgia
  6. Fever
  7. Rigors
  8. Myalgia
  9. Localised reactions (e.g. inflammation)
21
Q

Ipratropium Bromide : Adverse

A

Mild anticholinergic effects (e.g. urinary retention)

22
Q

Ketamine : Adverse

A
  1. Distressing psychological reactions (e.g. agitation, hallucinations and / or dysphoria)
  2. Nausea & vomiting
  3. Muscle effects including increased tone, random purposeless movements
23
Q

Lignocaine : Adverse

A
  1. May cause or exacerbate ventricular dysrhythmias
  2. In high doses, it may cause:
    - Neurological side effects (drowsiness, disorientation, agitation, muscle twitching, fits and coma)
    - Cardiac effects (hypotension, bradycardia, heart block(s) and asystole)
24
Q

Methoxyflurane : Adverse

A
  1. [-] LOC

2. Renal damage in high doses

25
Q

Metoclopramide : Adverse

A
  1. Restlessness, drowsiness and fatigue
  2. Extrapyramidal / acute dystonic reactions including spasm of the facial muscles, trismus, rhythmic protrusion of the tongue, abnormal speech, spasm of the extra occular muscles and unnatural positioning.
26
Q

Midazolam : Adverse

A
  1. [-] LOC resulting in upper airway obstruction
  2. Respiratory and cardiovascular depression which may be exacerbated in patients with limited physiological reserves and/or under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
27
Q

Morphine : Adverse

A
  1. [-] LOC
  2. Respiratory depression
  3. Hypotension
  4. Nausea & vomiting
28
Q

Naloxone : Adverse

A
  1. Opioid withdrawal (nausea, vomiting, sweating, tachycardia, hypertension & combative behaviour)
  2. Pulmonary oedema in patients with pre-existing cardiac disease.
  3. Dysrhythmias (VF, VT)
29
Q

Ondansetron : Adverse

A
  1. Headache and/or flushing
  2. Seizures and movement disorders
  3. Visual disturbance
  4. Hypersensitivity reactions (including anaphylaxis)
30
Q

Oxygen : Adverse

A
  1. [+] fire and explosion risk
31
Q

Oxytocin : Adverse

A 
Common: 
 - headache
 - tachycardia
 - bradycardia
 - nausea
 - vomiting
Rare:
 - Anaphylactoid reaction with dyspnoea, hypotension, shock, rash and arrythmias
32
Q

Paracetamol : Adverse

A
  1. Nausea

2. Liver failure in overdose situations

33
Q

Pralidoxime Chloride / Atropine : Adverse

A
  1. Dry mouth
  2. Blurred vision
  3. Tachycardia
  4. Nausea & vomiting
  5. Hyperthermia
  6. Dysrhythmias
  7. Urinary retention
  8. Agitation, delirium, hallucinations, seizure and coma may occur in high doses
  9. Muscle tightness and pain at injection site.
34
Q

Salbutamol : Adverse

A
  1. Dysrhythmias in high doses

2. Shakes and tremors

35
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate : Adverse

A
  1. Metabolic acidosis (may cause dysrhythmias)
  2. Heart failure
  3. Hypokalaemia (may cause dysrhythmias)
36
Q

Tenecteplase : Adverse

A
  1. Intracranial haemorrhage
  2. Reperfusion arrythmias (usually self limiting)
  3. Aggravation of any bleeding tendency.

ASNSW Pharmacology (8 decks)

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