Adverse drug reactions Flashcards
Type A reactions.
Common.
Dose related.
Predictable.
Type B reactions.
Bizarre and unexpected.
Related to gene/host/environmental interactions.
Adverse reactions:
Gentamicin.
Vancomycin.
Nephrotoxicity.
Ototoxicity.
Adverse reactions:
Cephalosporins/ciproflaxcin.
C. Diff collitis.
Adverse reactions:
ACEi.
Dry cough.
Hyperkalaemia.
AKI.
Adverse reactions:
Beta blockers.
Hypotension.
Bradycardia.
Wheeze in asthmatics.
Worsened acute heart failure.
Adverse reactions:
Calcium channel blockers.
Hypotension. Peripheral oedema. Flushing. Headache. Arrhythmias and bradycardia.
Adverse reactions:
Diuretics.
Hypotension.
AKI.
Electrolyte abnormalities.
Adverse reactions:
Heparins.
Haemorrhage.
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia.
Adverse reactions:
Warfarin.
Haemorrhage.
Adverse reactions:
Aspirin.
Haemorrhage.
Peptic ulcers.
Tinnitus.
Adverse reactions:
Digoxin.
Nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.
Confusion.
Drowsiness.
Xanthopsia.
Adverse reactions:
Amiodarone.
ILD.
Thyroid disease.
Skin greying.
Corneal deposits.
Adverse reactions:
Lithium.
Early – tremor.
Late – arrhythmias, seizures, renal failure, coma, diabetes insipidus.
Adverse reactions:
Haloperidol.
Dyskinesias.
Adverse reactions:
Clozapine.
Agranulocytosis.
Constipation–> bowel perforation.
Adverse reactions:
Fludrocortisone.
Hypertension/sodium.
Water retention.
Adverse reactions:
Simvastatin.
Myalgia (--> rhabdomyalisis). Abdominal pain. Liver damage (increased ALT/AST).
Cytochrome p450 inducers.
PC BRAS. Phenytoin. Carbamazepine. Barbiturates. Rifampicin. Alcohol (chronic). Sulphonylureas.
Cytochrome p450 inhibitors.
AO DEVICES. Allopurinol. Omeprazole. Disulfiram. Erythromycin. Valproate. Isonazide. Ciprofloxacin. Ethanol (acute). Suphonamides.
Contraindications for the COCP.
Very overweight. Previous history of clots/family history of clots at young age. Smoking (or stopped <1 year) and >35yo. Hypertension/heart abnormalities. Migraine with aura.
Rules for having missed on pill on COCP.
Take it immediately.
Continue taking others as normal.
No risk of pregnancy.
Rules for having missed two or more pills on COCP.
Take the last missed pill immediately.
If you missed less than 7, when you get to the end of a pack (or the fake week of pills), then start a new pack immediately.
If you missed more than 7, have the break and start again as normal.
What is regularly measured when taking the COCP?
Blood pressure – increased risk of hypertension.
Reduced risks with COCP.
Endometrial and ovarian cancer.
Pregnancy.
Reasons to stop taking the COCP immediately.
Sudden chest pain/breathlessness/swelling in calf.
Prolonged immobility.
Neurological symptoms.
High blood pressure
Illness and the pill.
Vomiting within 2 hours of taking the pill – take another immediately.
If consistently vomiting – use a different form of contraception until you can take the pill for 7 days.
Very severe diarrhoea – use other forms of contraception.
Going back on the COCP post pregnancy.
Not breastfeeding – start pill 21 days after delivery.
Breastfeeding – wait 6 weeks after birth.
Miscarriage/abortion – 5 days after. If over 5 days after, wait another week before starting.
