Adverse Drug Reactions Flashcards
Common abx drug reactions
Gentamicin, vancomycin - nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
Some abx - commonly the broad spectrum ones - clostridium difficile
ACEi side effects
Hypotension, electrolyte abnormalities
AKI
Dry cough
Beta-blocker side effects
Hypotension, bradycardia
Wheeze in asthmatics
Worsens acute heart failure, but helps chronic heart failure
CCB side effects e.g. diltiazem
Hypotension, bradycardia
Peripheral oedema, flushing
Diuretics side effects e.g. furosemide, bendroflumethazide
Hypotension
Electrolyte abnormalities
AKI, sub-class dependent effects e.g. spironolactone causes gynaecomastia
Heparins side effects
Haemorrhage - especially if renal failure or <50kg
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia
Warfarin side effects
Haemorrhage - note that warfarin has procoagulant effect initially - so heparin should be prescribed alongside warfarin until INR exceeds 2
Aspirin side effects
Haemorrhage
Peptic ulcers, gastritis
tinnitus in large doses
Digoxin side effects
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, blurred vision, confusion, drowsiness
Changes in serum K at the receptor can compete with digoxin - high K levels limit the effect
Amiodarone side effects
Interstitial lung disease - pulmonary fibrosis
Thyroid disease
Skin greying
Corneal deposits
Clozapine side effects
Agranulocytosis - intense monitoring of FBC
Corticosteroid side effects
STEROIDS
Stomach ulcers, thin skin, oedema, right and left heart failure, osteoporosis, infection, diabetes, cushing’s Syndrome
Fludrocortisone - hypertension, sodium and water retention
Drugs with a narrow therapeutic index
Warfarin, digoxin, phenytoin, theophylline
Drugs requiring careful dosage control
Antihypertensives
Antidiabetic drugs
Enzyme inducer drugs
PC BRAS
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Barbiturates
Rifampicin
Alcohol
Sulphonylureas
