Adverse Drug Reaction Flashcards
What is an adverse event?
Defined as an injury caused by medical management rather than by the underlying disease or condition of the patient.
What is an adverse drug reaction?
A reaction while taking a drug that is suspected to be caused by the drug or drugs. An example of an ADR could be a patient experiencing anaphylaxis shortly after taking the drug.
What are the drugs commonly cause ADRS
- Warfarin- Clexane, Heparin
- Diuretics- Furosemide
- Tranquillizers- benzodiazepines
- Antibiotics
- Steriods
- Antihypertensive
Reactions classified into two types
TYPE A REACTIONS
(pharmacological) can be predicted on the basis of the pharmacological actions of the drug and therefore are readily reversible on reducing the dose or withdrawing treatment with the drug.
TYPE B REACTIONS
Type B reactions (idiosyncratic) cannot be predicted from the known pharmacology of the drug. These are less common, and so may only be discovered for the first time after a drug has already been administered.
Type B has 4 types, what are they?
Type 1 (anaphylaxis) reactions
Reaction occurs within minutes of reexposure to allergen.
Type 2 cytotoxic reactions
May affect a variety of organs and tissues.
The reaction time is minutes to hours
Transfusion reaction- Mainly ABO and rhesus system antigens.
Type 3: immune complex reactions
The reaction may take 3 - 10 hours after exposure to the antigen.
The reaction may be general
Type 4: Delayed type reactions
The reaction takes two to three days to develop.
What is type E reaction?
or ‘end-of-use’ reactions, are associated with the withdrawal of a medicine.
What are the signs and symptoms of ADRS?
A red raised itchy skin rash Swelling of the lips, eyes and feet Narrowing of the airways = wheezing Sudden drop in blood pressure = faint and dizzy Nausea Vomiting Sore, red itchy eyes Feeling of impending doom: panic attack
What is the difference between crystalloids and colloids?
Crystalloids are those substances which are easily crystallized from their aqueous solution. Colloids contain much larger particles than crystalloids
