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advanced nutrition exam IV Flashcards

1
Q

food sources of calcium

A

dairy

seafood WITH bones

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2
Q

main transport of calcium…

A

calcitrol (vitamin D)

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3
Q

diffusion of Ca

A

passive, nonsaturatable, nonregulated process

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4
Q

calcium transport

A

bound to proteins
complexed with sulfate, phosphate, etc
free in blood
protein bound in Ca in equilibrium w ionized Ca2+

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5
Q

how is extracellular ca2+ concentration regulated?

A

PTH
calcitonin
calcitrol

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6
Q

roles of parathyroid

A

increases serum Ca2+
decreases bone Ca2+
increases renal Ca2+ absorption
increases Ca2+ intestinal absorption

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7
Q

calcitrol roles

A

increases serum ca2+
works with PTH in bone Ca2+
increase renal ca absorption
increase intestinal ca absorption

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8
Q

calcitonin

A

decreases serum ca
increases bone ca
decreases renal ca absorption

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9
Q

nutrients the enhance calcium absorption

A

vitamin D
sugar + sugar alcohol
protein

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10
Q

nutrients that inhibit calcium absorption

A 
fiber 
phytic
oxalic acid  
Zn + Mg 
unabsorbed FAs
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11
Q

osteoblasts

A

bone-building cells

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12
Q

osteoclasts

A

resorb bone

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13
Q

RDA Calcium 19-50

A

1000 mg/day

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14
Q

UL calcium

A

2500 mg/day

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15
Q

which foods contain up to 350 mg Ca per serving?

A

dairy, OJ [fortified], tofu, navy beans

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16
Q

nutrients enhancing urinary calcium excretion?

A

sodium
protein
caffeine

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17
Q

nutrients that may inhibit absorption of calcium

A

P
Fe
FAs

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18
Q

deficiency of calcium in adults leads to increased risk of….

A

osteoporosis

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19
Q

food sources of phosphorus

A

meat, poultry, fish, eggs, milk

cola drinks

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20
Q

absorption of phosphorus

A

saturable, carrier-mediated, AT

diffusion

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21
Q

which mineral in excess can inhibit phosphorous?

A

Ca

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22
Q

functions of phosphorus?

A 
bone mineralization 
nucleic acid formation 
energy storage and transfer (ATP phosphate bonds)
phospholipids
acid-base balance
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23
Q

RDA phosphorus

A

19+ years = 700 mg/day

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24
Q

UL phosphorus 9-70

A

4g/day

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25
Q

UL phosphorus > 70

A

3g/day

26
Q

magnesium dietary sources

A

nuts, seeds, WG, green leafy vegetables, legumes, lentils, spices, dairy, hard tap h2o

27
Q

absorption of magnesium

A
  1. saturable, carrier-mediated, AT (low mg levels)

2. diffusion passive, concentration dependent (higher mg levels)

28
Q

magnesium regulation

A

crosses BB membrane w protein on enterocyte
absorbed BETWEEN cells
pumped across membrane by sodium-dep ATPase

29
Q

which hormone affects Mg balance?

A

parathyroid

30
Q

RDA magnesium 19-30 male

A

400 mg/day

31
Q

RDA magnesium 19-30 female

A

310 mg/day

32
Q

RDA mag pregnancy

A

350 mg/day

33
Q

RDA mg 31+ male

A

400 mg/day

34
Q

RDA mg 31+ female

A

320 mg/day

35
Q

RDA mg 31+ pregnancy

A

360 mg/day

36
Q

factors that contribute to mag deficiency

A 
inadequate intake
excess etoh use
malabsorptive disorders
medications
uncontrolled DM + metabolic syndrome
37
Q

what causes magnesium toxicity?

A

usually not dietary excess; KIDNEYS excrete Mg rapidly

38
Q

UL mg

A

350 mg/day

39
Q

functions of water in the body

A 
chemical reactions
body temp reg 
lubrication and protection 
solvent and transport medium
maintenance of BV
acid base balance
40
Q

how much BW is intracellular

A

2/3 (28L)

41
Q

how much BW is extracellular

A

1/3 (14L)

42
Q

how much BW is interstitial?

A

11 L

43
Q

how much BW is plasma/intravascular?

A

3L

44
Q

AI water for females

A

2.7 L/day

45
Q

AI water for males

A

3.7 L/day

46
Q

water recommendation based on body weight numbers

A

25-40 mL/kg BW

47
Q

which ion strongly affects h2o in ECF?

A

Na+

48
Q

what force regulates movement between interstitial space and ECF?

A

osmotic pressure

49
Q

what governs the movement across capillary walls and interstitial space?

A

hydrostatic and colloidal osmotic pressure

50
Q

osmosis vs osmolarity

A 
osmosis = movement of h2o -> semipermeable membrane in response to different solute concentrations
osmolarity = solute particle concentration of a fluid
51
Q

which ion is the major ion INSIDE the cells?

A

K+

52
Q

which ion is the major ion OUTSIDE the cells [in ECF]

A

Na+

53
Q

hyponatremia

A

diluted plasma concentration due to overconsumption of h2o

54
Q

hypernatremia

A

diluted plasma concentration due to OVERconsumption of water

55
Q

plasma solute concentrations list

A

high Na+
low K+
high Cl-
low HCO3-

56
Q

interstitial fluid concentrations list

A

high na+
low k
high cl
low hco3

57
Q

intracellular fluid concentrations list

A

low na
high k
high po4-

58
Q

which two hormones correct imbalances in body’s fluid and sodium levels?

A

vasopressin

renin-angiotensis-aldosterone system

59
Q

what does vasopressin respond to?

A

slight increases in ECF osmolarity

60
Q

physiological responses to vasopressin

A

resorbption of h2o in kidneys
stimulates thirst
increases BP by vasoconstriction of arterioles

61
Q

function of renin

A

enhances na and cl reabsorption

advanced nutrition (3 decks)

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