Advanced Materials Flashcards
is a super strong material that is extremely lightweight. generally has excellent tensile properties, low densities, high thermal and chemical stabilities in the absence of oxidizing agents, good thermal and electrical conductivities, and excellent creep resistance.
Carbon Fiber
is an important part of new material, widely used in communication, electronics, aviation, aerospace, military, and other high-tech fields, and has important applications in information and communication technology.
Advanced ceramic material or special ceramics
are a special category of plain carbon steels with microalloying elements, such as vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), or titanium (Ti), and possess superior mechanical properties.
Microalloyed steels, also known as High-Strength Low-Alloy HSLA steels
is the study of the characteristics and uses of the various materials, such as metals, ceramics, and plastics, that are employed in science and technology.
Material Science
Examples of Advanced Materials
Light Metals:
titanium, magnesium, aluminum
Examples of Advanced Materials
Composites:
carbon fiber, Kevlar, nanocomposites, metal luminates
Examples of Advanced Materials Steels:
dual-phase steels, trip steel, bake hardening steels
Invented Carbon Fibers
Thomas Alva Edison, 1879
carbon fiber atoms is comparable to ___
chicken wire.
a carbon fiber producer -worldwide consumption for sporting goods is nearly 11 million lb of carbon fiber.
Mitsubishi Rayon Co. Ltd (Tokyo Japan)
Advantages of carbon fiber
Lightweight
High tensile strength
Low thermal expansion
Exceptional durability
Corrosion-resistance
Radiolucence
Electrical conductivity
Disadvantages of Carbon FIber
Carbon fiber will break or shatter
Relative cost
(modulus > 450 Gpa) Tensile elastic modulus: 600 GPa or higher / Tensile strength: 2,500 MPa or higher
Ultra high elastic modulus type (UHM)
(modulus between 350-450Gpa) Tensile elastic modulus: 350-600 GPa/ Tensile strength: 2,500 MPa or higher
High elastic modulus type (HM)
(modulus between 200-350Gpa) Tensile elastic modulus: 280-350 GPa / Tensile strength: 3,500 MPa or higher
Intermediate elastic modulus type (IM)
(modulus<100 Gpa, tensile strength > 3.0 Gpa)Tensile elastic modulus: 200-280 GPa /Tensile strength: approximately 2,500 MPa or higher
Standard elastic modulus type (HT)
(tensile strength > 4.5 Gpa) Tensile elastic modulus: 200 GPa or lower/ Tensile strength: 3,500 MPa or lower
Low elastic modulus type (LM)
Based on Precursor Fiber Materials
- PAN-based carbon fibers
- Pitch-based carbon fibers
- Rayon-based carbon fibers
- Gas-phase-grown carbon fibers
2 types of Pitch-based carbon fibers
a. Mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers
b. Isotropic pitch-based carbon fibers
A type of fiber having high tensile strength and high elastic modulus, extensively applied for structural material composites in aerospace and industrial field and sporting / recreational goods.
PAN-based carbon fibers
It is produced by carbonization of oil/coalprecursor, having extensive properties from low elastic modulus to ultra-high elastic modulus. Fibers with ultra high elastic modulus are extensively adopted in high stiffness components and various uses as utilizing high thermal conductivity and / or electric conductivity.
Pitch-based carbon fibers
were pyrolyzed to form the first high-strength carbon fibers. Enhanced elasticity, Tunable electric resistance in a range from 10-3 up to 107 Ohm·cm, High sorption capacity of the activated fiber.
Rayon-based carbon fibers
is manufactured through the catalytic decomposition of hydrocarbons such as methane and benzene in the vapor phase
Gas-phase-grown carbon fibers
final treatment should be above 2000oC and can be associated with high modulus type fiber.
Type-I, high-heat-treatment carbon fibers (HTT)
