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5th Oral Disease - Imaging/ Radiographs > Advanced Imaging > Flashcards

Advanced Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

What shaped beam in used in CT imaging?

A

Fan-shaped beams that are detected by gas or crystals

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2
Q

What type of images does CT produce?

A

A series of ‘slices’ of the patient

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3
Q

What is windowing?

A

Digital manipulation of tissue contrast

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4
Q

How does voltage and current different from CT to CBCT?

A

Conventional - tube current is 200Ma and voltage 120Kv

CBCB - Voltage 120kV but current 5Ma

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5
Q

What is the significance of CBCT Ma being lower?

A

Reduces radiation dose and alters image contrast

Reduced tube current doesn’t permit contrast difference of soft tissues - only hard tissues can be seen

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6
Q

What are the indications for CT?

A

Reached the end of what plain film can tell you
Need 3D imaging
Bony pathology - more imaging for diagnostic or tx planning purpose

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7
Q

Examples of indications for CT?

A 
Impacted teeth
Root resorption
Planning implant
Evaluation of large lesions 
Complex facial trauma
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8
Q

What are contrast techniques?

A

Compounds introduced into the body that artificially alter the contrast of the issue

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9
Q

Most common type of x-ray contrast?

A

Iodine - radiopaque

Some pt have allergic reactions - always check

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10
Q

Examples of contrast technique imaging?

A

Sialography, TMJ arthrography, angiography

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11
Q

What is sialography?

A

Introduction of contrast into the ductal system of parotid or submandibular salivary gland

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12
Q

Indications for sialography?

A

Hx suggestive of obstruction

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13
Q

Contraindications for sialography?

A

Acute salivary gland infection
Allergy to iodine
Discrete salivary gland swelling - other techniques more informative

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14
Q

What is TMJ arthography?

A

Introduction of contrast into inferior joint space of TMJ - determine disc position and to detect perforation/ adhesion

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15
Q

What is angiography?

A

Involves injection of contrast directly into blood vessel via catheter

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16
Q

Indications for angiography?

A

Show vascular anatomy
Investigation arteriovenous malformations
Embolise vascular lesions

17
Q

What is MRI?

A

Placing pt inside magnetic field and pulsing radio waves into pt - emitted radio waves converted into image of a space through the body

18
Q

Is ionising radiation involved in MRI?

A

No

19
Q

Why is MRI better than CT?

A

Better soft tissue detail

Due to proton density difference between soft tissues

20
Q

Advantages of MRI?

A

Provide superior soft tissue detail
Excellent inter cranial disease
Used to directly image the disc position within TMJ

21
Q

What are the disadvantages of MRI?

A

Contraindicated in pt w/ pacemaker
Scanner noise and claustrophobic
Imagining take 20-30 mins

22
Q

What is ultrasound?

A

Uses high frequency sound waves from transducer held against skin - sound reflect by tissue interfaces back - converted electrical signal

23
Q

Benefits of ultrasound?

A

Non-invasive, safe

Cheaper MRI/CT

24
Q

Uses of ultrasound?

A

Assessment of superficial soft tissues

25
Q

Advantages of ultrasound?

A

No ionising radiation
Real-time imaging
Assess vascularity

26
Q

Disadvantages of ultrasound?

A

Can’t image through bone or air

Intensity of the reflection decreases w/ depth

27
Q

What is nuclear imaging?

A

Injection of radioactive isotope which emits gamma rays

Usually bound to another pharmaceutical - high affinity for tissue of interest

28
Q

Indications for nuclear imaging?

A 
Detection of bony metastases
Investigation of salivary gland function
Condyle hyperplasia
Evaluation of bone grafts
Thyroid investigations
29
Q

What is positron emission tomography - PET scan?

A

Functional and anatomical imaging

Pt receive intravenous glucose which is labelled

30
Q

Indications for PET scan?

A

Cancer staging

Re-staging after chemo

31
Q

If MRI is contraindication what is fall-back technique?

A

Contrast-enhanced CT

32
Q

What should be used for dents-alveolar pathology and implant planning?

A

CBCT

5th Oral Disease - Imaging/ Radiographs (4 decks)

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