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Week 4 Prime Factors > Advanced Image > Flashcards

Advanced Image Flashcards

1
Q

what is derived from the greek word “tomes” meaning section

A

tomography

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2
Q

ct provides views from _ planes

A

coronal
axial
sagittal

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3
Q

these cuts or slices are often only _ thick

A

mm

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4
Q

there are _ generations of CT machines

A

4

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5
Q

first generation systems had only _ detector and only rotated _ degrees

A

one

180

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6
Q

second generation improved the _ of detector and used a _ shaped beam

A 
#
fan
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7
Q

third and fourth generation systems used _ detectors, (_) and _ degree

A

many
900-4800 (detectors)
360

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8
Q

early CT systems were limited to

A

rotating in one direction only

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9
Q

what were added to allow the tube to continuously rotate while the patient moved through the gantry

A

slip rings

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10
Q

this describes “_” and increases the _ while decreasing _

A

volume scanning
data produced
scan time

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11
Q

multi slice scanners were introduced in

A

1998

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12
Q

multi slice CT produce _

A

4 image slices simultaneously

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13
Q

for multi slice scanners currently as many as _ slices may be produced from a _ x-ray tube rotation

A

64

single

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14
Q

advantages of multi-slice scanners

A

shorter acquition time
decreased volume of contrast media
improved spatial resolution
improved image quality as well as thinner slices

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15
Q

disadvantages of multi-slice scanners

A

increased cost (30-50%)

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16
Q

there are three basic parts of the CT scanner

A

gantry
computer
operator console

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17
Q

similar to a basic x-ray tube modified to rotate in 360 degrees and withstand higher heat loading

A

x-ray tube

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18
Q

solid state detector composed of photodiodes with crystal scintillation materials

A

detector array

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19
Q

set of 2 collimators one pre-patient and one post-patient

A

collimator assembly

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20
Q

the collimator assembly do what to the beam

A

shape and limit the size and direction of the beam

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21
Q

the gantry has three components

A

x-ray tube
detector array
collimator assembly

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22
Q

the CT requires _ types of sophisticated software

A

2

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23
Q

the 2 types of software is

A

one for the operating system

one for the applications

24
Q

the operating system is a

A

window base program controls the hardware

25
Q

application software manages

A

the image processing, reconstruction and post-processing operation

26
Q

the operating console includes a

A

keyboard, mouse, and monitors

27
Q

this allows the tech to _ and _

A

control the system

set the parameters of the exam

28
Q

this is termed the _ and includes

A

protocol

kV, mA, FOV, pitch, slice # and thickness image reconstruction and display

29
Q

a computer is often set with more than one _ these are _ and allow the tech and radiologist to view the CT images

A

workstation
linked
(networking and archiving)

30
Q

these station may be located on _ or be

A

site

remote areas w/electronic transmission of data

31
Q

the display matrix is a digital image composed of pixels in two dimensions to represent a three dimensional piece of tissue

A

volume element

32
Q

three dimensional volumes of tissue are called

A

volume elements or voxels

33
Q

what is selected by the tech

A

the depth of the voxel

34
Q

each voxel in a slice is assigned a _ by the computer that is _ to the degree of x-ray attenuation of that area

A

number value

proportional

35
Q

once the degree of attenuation is set the image is displayed on the scree as a _ with each voxel being presented as a pixel on the screen

A

two dimensional picture

36
Q

the computer uses a _ to determine the degree of x-ray attenuation for each voxel

A

linear coefficient

37
Q

this value is then converted into a numeric scale called

A

CT #’s

38
Q

shades of gray are assigned to each CT # with the base value being

A

0

39
Q

water is set as the

A

base value

40
Q

window width and window level refers to the

A

grayscale and brightness of the display

41
Q

a wide window width indicates a

A

long scale of gray(contrast)

42
Q

is determined by the tissue density most common to an area w/in that anatomic structure

A

window level

43
Q

the tube/detector array and the pt. are in _ during the scan. The amount of anatomy scanned is determined by _

A

continuous motion

pitch

44
Q

Pitch is

A

couch movement (mm/sec)/rotation of the tube collimation

45
Q

undesirable density on the image

A

artifact

46
Q

computed tomography

A

CT

47
Q

value set for each pixel in the image relative to water

A

CT #

48
Q

houses the tube, detectors and collimators

A

gantry

49
Q

numerical expression of the radiation intensity through matter

A

linear attenuation coefficient

50
Q

total # of pixels in the image (rows and columns)

A

matrix

51
Q

MPR is

A

multi-planar reconstruction

52
Q

refers to the parameters of the exam

A

protocol

53
Q

one section of the object being scanned

A

slice

54
Q

device that allows the continuous rotation of the tube during the scan

A

slip rings

55
Q

CT data taken while the pt. moves uninterrupted through the gantry

A

volume scanning

56
Q

three dimensional piece of tissue

A

voxel

57
Q

computer that serves as the digital post processing station and or image viewing area

A

workstation

Week 4 Prime Factors (4 decks)

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