Advanced Higher Flashcards
Answer
In a fugue, after the subject is played, the same tune appears in another voice in the dominant.
Anthem
Short sacred choral piece sung in English. Sometimes sung by a choir unaccompanied and sometimes accompanied by organ, featuring solo parts.
Antiphonal
Dialogue between voices or instruments - one group of voices or instruments answers the other.
Appogiatura
An ornament which sounds like a leaning note, takes half the value of the main note which follows it or two-thirds if the main note is dotted.
Augmented triad
This chord is formed by a major triad in which the 5th degree is raised by a semitone.
Ayre/Air
Song or simple melody, sometimes the title of a movement of a suite.
Ballett
A type of madrigal in strophic form which was originally danced to.
Bridge
A link between two themes.
Chorale
A German hymn tune, written in four parts for Soprano, Contralto (alto), tenor and Bass. SATB
Chord II and 1st inversion
In a major key, chord number two tends to be a minor chord.
Consort
Dance-like in style; this music could be played by solo instruments such as lutes, harpsichords or virginals, by small groups of instruments of the same family or a group of varied instruments from different families.
Contemporary Jazz
Contemporary jazz is an umbrella term for all kinds of jazz music being played now - as well as jazz music of the 80’s, 90’s, 00’s, and 10’s.
Countersubject
In a fugue, after the subject or answer is played, the continuation of the same instrument or voice is called the countersubject.
Counter tenor
A male adult voice whose range is higher than a tenor’s.
Electronic dance music
Normally heard in clubs where the DJ combines tracks electronically into one smooth mix. It can encompass music of different genres including house music, dubstep and bass.
Fugue
A contrapuntal piece based on a theme (subject) announced in one voice part alone, then imitated by other voices in close succession.
Galliard
A renaissance court dance which follows the pavan - 3 beats in a bar.
Hermiola
A rhythmic device giving the impression of music changing from duple time to triple time, or vice versa.
Inversion
When a musical shape is mirrored; an inverted chord is formed when a note other than the root it is the bass.
Leitmotiv
A theme occurring throughout a work which represents a person, an event or an idea.
Madrigal
A non-religious work, polyphonic in style, using imitation.
Motet
A sacred choral work with Latin text and polyphonic texture, usually sung a Capella.
Nationalist
Music which incorporates elements of folk music of the composer’s country.
Neo-classical
From about 1929, composers reacted against Romanticism returning to the structures and styles of earlier periods, combined with dissonant, tonal and even atonal harmonies.
Pavan
A renaissance court dance linked with the galliard - 2 beats in a bar.
Piano trio
A piano trio is a chamber ensemble comprising of three instruments; the most common form comprises of a piano, violin and cello.
Polytonality & Bitonality
The use of two (bitonality) or more keys (polytonality) played or sung at the same time.
Renaissance
Renaissance means ‘rebirth’ and marks a period in history where there was a resurgence of interest in music based on the ideas of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
Retrograde
To go backwards, a melody or section of music can be written or performed from the end to the beginning.
Serial
A 20th- Century method of musical composition invented by Schoenberg in which the 12 notes of the chromatic scale are organised into a series or tone row.
Song cycle
A group of songs linked by a common theme or with a text written by the same author, usually accompanied by piano but sometimes by small ensembles or full orchestra.
Sprechgesang
A technique used in vocal music where the singer is required to use the voice in an expressive manner half-say between singing and speaking.
Stretto
Where voices or instruments enter very quickly one after the other, as in fugue.
Subject
The main theme in a composition, the main themes in sonata form, or the main theme on which a fugue it’s based.
Suspension
This effect occurs when a note from one chord is held over to the next chord creating a discord, and is then resolved by moving one step to make a concord.
Tone row/ note row
An arrangement of the 12 notes of the octave which forms the basis of a composition.
Tritone
Interval of an augmented 4th, e.g. C-F sharp of F-B. It is made up of three whole tones.
Turn
Four notes which turn round the main note with the note above, the main note, the note below, and the main note again.
