Advanced Flashcards
What is an exposure event?
a) skin is pierced by contaminated needle or sharp object
b) blood/body fluids splashed into the eye, nose, or mouth
c) blood or body fluids come into contact with cuts, scratches, or abrasions
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
What needle is the most common cause of needlesticks?
the butterfly/ winged infusion set
What is the first step when encountering a needle stick exposure?
wash area with soap & water for a minimum of 30 seconds
What is the most important step to follow for an exposure incident?
file an incident report with your supervisor/manager
What does the employer provide following an exposure incident?
A confidential medical evaluation at no cost to the employee with counseling/follow-up
What outlines the steps employers must take in case of a sharps injury? (LAW)
Needlestick Safety & Prevention Act (NSPA)
immediate access to medical evaluation & treatment
HBV, HCV are what type of diseases?
Hepatitis B & C are bloodborne pathogens
What type of hepatitis is most transmissible among healthcare workers?
HEP B= HBV
What type of hepatitis is most transmissible among the general public?
HEP C = HCV
What types of hepatitis are preventable by immunization?
HAV, HBV
Is there a cure/vaccination for HCV?
no
How is HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus treated?
anti-viral therapy
For a spill, what is the most important step?
Concentrate on the absorption of fluid/prevent the spill from spreading
What happens if a spill contains broken glass/sharps?
Must be cleaned by a mechanical means (broom,tongs) and placed in sharps container
What is OSHA BBP?
OSHA has a Bloodborne Pathogen standard
What does OSHA require of facilities regarding the Bloodborne Pathogen Standard? BBP
Must have required documentation & procedure:
- exposure control plan
- occupational exposure to BBP
- blood spill clean-up
- procedure for needle sticks & other incidents
- decontamination of surfaces
- biohazardous waste disposal
What happens when a facility does not follow OSHA BBP?
OSHA can fine or shut down the facility
What are the clotting factors in the Coagulation Cascade?
calcium, thrombin, fibrinogen
What is the final step in the clotting cascade?
fibrinogen turns to fibrin
What are the groups regarding clotting factors?
2 groups:
intrinsic & extrinsic
A patient is receiving Coumadin/Warfarin therapy, and the doctor wants to check the effect of the treatment on the patient.
- What group of clotting factors does this check test?
- Which blood test will they order?
- Extrinsic
- PT/INR
A doctor wants to check the effect of Heparin drug therapy on a patient’s blood clotting.
- Which group of blood clotting factors does this test?
- What is the name of the blood test?
- intrinsic
- PTT/ aPTT
What tube is used for a PT/INR or an aPTT/PTT test?
How many tubes should you use for both tests?
- Blue/light blue
- you can use 1
Before applying a bandage after a blood draw, the phlebotomist is responsible for:
confirming the site has stopped bleeding
Describe the two-point check. What are you looking for?
swelling & bleeding. Make sure bleeding has stopped
Before releasing a patient after a successful blood draw, a phlebotomist should
apply a pressure bandage
After a two point check, if the patient is still trickling/oozing blood, the phlebotomist must:
keep pressure for five minutes or longer until the bleeding has stopped
5 minutes - 2 point check - 5 minutes - 2 point check [if still bleeding, call for help/elevate arm/do not leave patient]
What is a bleeding time test?
Test for platelet plug formation & hemostasis in the capillaries
What blood tests for platelet plug formation & hemostasis in the capillaries?
Bleeding Time test
What type of tube is utilized in a Bleeding Time test?
not collected with any type of tube
BP cuff, filter paper, stop watch
What causes hemolysis in a specimen?
the
