Advance Flashcards
Reasons for Advance
(a)advance to contact
(b)The follow up of a planned strategic withdrawal
(c)The pursuit
Basic considerations
CSM-D-FLAGS
(a)Combat intelligence
(b)Seizure and maintenance of initiative
(c) Maintenance of momentum
(d)Sy
(e)Grouping & OOM
(f)Flexibility
(g)Logistic
(h)Air
(i)Deception
Main of Momentum in Adv can be achieved by:
MCC-Log sp- employed-NATO
* Mental alertness of commanders and relentless offensive actions
* Containing and bypassing major opposition
* Correct grouping and order of march, good sig comn, well rehearsed deployment drill *
*Continuous Log Sp
* Employment of airborne/ heliborne force to capture obj in depth.
* Never losing contact
* Adequate air support
* The ability of a force to move speedily over different types of terrain.
* Overcoming and destroying minor opposition
Sy can be achieved by:
(1) Wide recce including air recce of the front and of the flanks.
(2) Adequate protection from the front, flank and rear
(3) Correct grouping and order of march
(4) Strict control of movement and good traffic discipline
(5) Signal security
(6) Adequate air defense measures.
Gp & OOM can be done through:
MAST
(1) Mission
(2) Strength and likely pattern of ops of enemy.
(3) The terrain
(4) Additional resources available to the force.
Flexibility can be achieved by:
(1) Availability of laterals for switching of forces
(2) Proximity of axes for mutual support with artillery
(3) Signal communications
Planning considerations in advance
(a)Mission
(b)Enemy
(c)Terrain
(d)Surprise
(e)Time and space
(f)Place and conduct of battle
(g)Weather
(h)Security
(i)Resources
(j)Air support
METT S WRAPS
Major considerations for Time & Space are:
i. Time by which advance may commence
ii. Approximate time and place where the enemy is likely to be encountered
iii. Time required for the clearance of enemy oppositions in route
iv. Time by which the task should be completed.
Combat Int reqd for Advance
Topography-Local resource-move- Def
(a)Topographical
(b)Defensive positions
(c)Move of en resources
(d)Local resources
Cmd & Ctrl can be achieved by:
(a)Briefing
(b)Orders
(c)Communications
(d)Positions of cdrs
(e)Good traffic control
(f)Good battle procedure and deployment drills.
Tasks of Recce Elements
Routes- Delaying posn- Gaps
(a)To locate the en delaying posns
(b)To detect gaps or lightly held areas in the en defensive systems which can g exploited to envelop or bypass the enemy
(c)To obtain the information on going and routes
Composition of Recce Elements depends upon:
Frontage EN
(a)the frontage to be covered
(b)Likely en composition
(c)The nature of any special mission which may be assigned to it
extent of frontage & degree of search by recce element depends upon:
TRI
(a) Terrain
(b) Resources
(c) Intercommunications
Tactical grouping in advance ops
(a) Recce elements
(b) Advance guard (van guard and main guard)
(c) Flank guard
(d) Main body
(e) Rear guard
Likely tasks of an advance guard:
(a) To prevent the main body from running blindly into the enemy
(b) To drive in minor opposition and /or if opposition is too strong to secure a firm base and cover the deployment of the main body.
(c) To give the info about the en, Gd, routes and obstacles to enable the CDR to formulate his plan.
Composition of an advance guard:
(a) Armor based on mechanized infantry
(b) Platoon of anti tank guided missile, if available
(c) Engineer and their eqpt( must suitably be placed to deal quickly with road blocks, mines and other obstacles)
(d) Medical detachment, normally an ambulance vehicle
(e) The main composition are:
(1) Van guard- Armor squadron
(2) Main guard
Composition of Adv Gd depends upon:
EAT
a. terrain,
b. en threat,
c. availability of tps
Advance on a narrow front and on a wide front:
- Normally with one infantry brigade leading.
- This enables the divisional cdr to two third of his force in hand for the divisional battle,
- But due to the length of the column, the deployment of the div takes more time.
- It is carried out when the div cdr anticipates stiff en opposition for which a deliberate div attack is necessary.
- In the other hand two infantry brigade may lead the adv when the div advances on a wide front.
- Adopted in fully developed terrain with an extensive comn network.
- The advances against light opposition will be quick because the gaps or the lightly held areas in the en defenses can be detected and exploited.
- The length of the div column is reduced, by which deployment takes less time.
- The main force being dispersed is less vulnerable to air attack.
Points to be considered while deciding to bypass an en opposition:
(a) Against a deliberate wdl, care must be taken that leading troops do not bypass strong points which then delay following troops and slow the whole advance. Similarly the en must not be allowed to slip away and fight again, to avoid this, the leading troops may engage or attack the enemy position while following groups bypass.
(b) A firm policy for bypassing should be laid down by superior cdr, who will indicate which route must be opened up, and whether the positions may be bypassed. Based on this the lower cdrs can make their decisions.
( c ) During a break out ops the mechanized column has to seize the depth obj at the earliest and therefore they must bypass all minor opposition in route which will subsequently be cleared by the follow up infantry.
Factors to be considered during Ni Adv
ECM-Surprise-X cty-NVD-Slow-Cont Pressure
(a) Own and enemy’s electronic counter measures capabilities.
(b) The chance of achieving surprise
(c) The suitability of terrain for cross-country movement of tracked and wheeled vehicles at night.
(d) Characteristics of night vision devices held by own troops and the enemy.
(e) The advance would generally be slow; normally the same distance could be covered in a much shorter time by day.
(f) The importance of maintaining continuous pressure on the en.
Inf Bn can be given the following tasks
(a) Act as an adv gd supported by other arms.
(b) Act as a flank gd to the main body supported by other arms
(c) Form part of the main body.
Likely problems of night advance:
Navigation- control- Time
(a) The advance will generally be slow.
(b) Difficulty in navigation
(c) Problem of control
Additional measures to be taken to maint momentum during Ni adv
NEED-RBC-Self contain
Good navigation by night
Ensure smooth passing of follow up tps
Evolving good battle drill on coming in contact with the en
Decentralize of command
Bypassing en known posn
Rested and replenish unit employed at appropriate time
Continuous arty support
Self contain
Factors affecting rate of adv
(a) Day / night
(b) Ground
(c) En obstacle
(d) Opposition
(e) Fire available
Maint of speed is done through:
Quick Decisions Bring Lasting Gains Daily.
(a) Quick decision
(b) Decentralizing initiative with junior cdrs
(c) Balanced grouping
(d) Locating and exploiting En weak points
(e) Good communication
(f) Determination at all level to press on adv with courage and boldness.
Basic requirements of Adv
Initiative Maintains Momentum, Group Battles Simply
(a) Maint of initiative
(b) Maint of momentum
(c) Balanced grouping
(d) Good battle procedure
(e) Simplicity of plan
Effect of mountainous terrain in adv
(a) Security
(1) Distance obsn available to the en
(2) Slow movement
(3) Increased possibilities of surprise by
ambush
(4) Restrictions imposed on mov of flank
guards
(b) Mobility
(1) Availability of roads and tracks
(2) Means of transports
(3) Weight being carried by troops
(4) Speed of flank guards
(5) Altitude and gradient
(6) A relatively small en forces is capable of
imposing disproportionate delay.
(c) Command and control
(1) High degree of initiative
(2) Imagination
(3) Bold action on all cdrs
(4) Command and control decentralized
(d) Grouping and order of march
(1) Correctly grouped
(2) During adv regrouping of force is difficult
(e) Time and space
(1) Distance must be measured in terms of
time
(2) Likely En posn and time to regain to
overcome it
(f) Administration
(1) Correct planning of adm unit
(2) Use of AT and porter
(3) Use of local resources, food, water
(4) Priorities of movements
(g) Advance to contact
(1) Speed consistent with security
(2) Adv on a wide front
(3) Main forces kept conc. and uncommitted
(4) Wide recce
(5) Enemy is unbeaten
(6) Control of higher commander is rigid
(h) Follow up of planned withdrawal
(1) En weaker though still capable of
organized withdrawal, need for security
comparatively less
(2) Recce on fairly wide front
(3) Because of continuous pressure, enemy is
unable to regroup and react.
(4) Formations make deep penetrations to
disrupt rear units
(5) Control by higher CDR still fairly rigid
(i)Pursuit
(1) Difficult to stop the en
(2) Less security, high risk
(3) Capture of en’s depth posn, but again
unable to stop the rest enemy
(4) Use of mobile force in favorable situation
(5) Relentless supply of adm and other
resources
Advance Gd tasks
To prevent the main body from running blindly into the enemy.
To drive in minor opposition, or if opposition is too strong for it to
overcome, to secure a firm base and cover the deployment of the main body.
To give information about the enemy, ground, routes and obstacles to enable
the commander to formulate his plan.
To find and exploit gaps in the enemy’s defensive system.
Types of Air Photographic Reconnaissance
Strategic photographic reconnaissance
Tactical Photographic reconnaissance
Survey/cartographic photography
Aim of Advance
LSSD
a. To locate & dest the en
b. To seize gd of tac imp
c. To seize & maint the initiative
d. To demoralise the En & reduce his capacity to fight
Advance to contact
OE-SWIM
a. Opposed by an En unbeaten in battle.
b. En operating in a co-ord plan.
c. Speedy action is required.
d. Wide Recce is a must
e. Initiative on both sides.
f. Main force must be kept concentrated for the fight.
Advance to follow up a planned strategic wdl
SCREEM
a. Speed & bold action is necessary.
b. Capable of Ctr Strike by the En.
c. Retain balance at all times.
d. En;s strategic wdl plan.
e. Exploit initiative.
f. Maintain contact at all times.
Pursuit
Follow BEEP
a. Follow the defeated En.
b. Bold action, initiative, taking risks & speed is necessary.
c. En’s moral & resistance is reduced.
d. Some elements of sy sacrificed for need of speed and maint contact.
e. Pre-planned deep penetration is necessary.
