Adult Stem Cells Flashcards
Which cells of the blastula are capable of forming a zygote?
The inner cell mass
The trophoectoderm is not capable
How do stem cells divide?
They produce either 2 new stem cells or 2 new daughter cells
Where can stem cells be found?
In the early blastocyst - a very early stage embryo with 50 to 100 cells
Tissues of the body
What are embryonic stem cells?
Cells taken from the inner cell mass which gives rise to a culture
What are the roles of adult stem cells?
Maintain cell population
Help you to heal
Play a role in aging
What is cellular homeostasis?
Constant or periodic generation of new cells to replace old damaged and dying cells
Give an example where it is important lots of new cells are made quickly
Pregnancy - lots of RBCs needed
Caused by high levels of oestrogen in females
What is a stem cell niche?
A complex enviroment are stem cells made up of many cells that interact with the enviroment and decide if to activate the stem cell
Niches can be what three things?
Simple
Complex
For storage
Give an example where the stem cell niche is not dormant
In the bone marrow as red blood cells are needed to be replaced continuously
Give an example where the stem cell nice is dormant
The liver until it is required not to be
Which cells are made from HSCs and what do they make?
Myeloid - monocytes, macrophages etc
Lymphoid - T cells, B cells and platelets
Stem cells found where are easiest to loacate?
Bone marrow, fat and cord blood
Epithelium cells make up how much of the body?
60%
What is the role of epithelium cells
Responsible for covering internal and external surfaces of the body inclusing the lining of the vessels, glands and other cavities
Where are neural stem cells located?
On the subventricular zone lining of the lateral ventricles
Subgranular zone
Hypothalamus
What are the roles of stem cells in the subventricular zone?
They give rise to newly born neurons that migrate to the olfactory bulb via the rostral migratory system
What is the role of stem cells found in the subgranular zone?
They are part of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus
What is the role of hypothalamus stem cells?
They line the 3rd ventricle
They contribute to new neurons and energy/feeding sequences
Neural progenitors give rise to what?
Neurons
Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes
How are stem cells primed to divide?
By symetrical division to expand the stem cell pool or through asymetric division
