Adult Health

Question 1

Interventions for Men’s health inequalities.

Answer 1

Workplace health initiatives​

Social prescribing initiatives​

Question 2

Name 3 inequalities in relation to Men’s health.

Answer 2

1. Shorter Life Expectancy
2. Less likely to show health seeking behaviours
3. Suicide and Mental health

Question 3

Why is suicide and mental health a Men’s health inequality?

Answer 3

• 3 in 4 suicides are men (women more likely to attempt)​
• Method of suicide is more likely to be violent​
• Presents signs of depression differently (more irritable)​

Question 4

Why is less likely to show health seeking behaviours a Men’s health inequality?

Answer 4

• Put more stigma on mental health + less socially connected​
• More prone to substance misuse, alcohol dependence, and homelessness​

Question 5

Why is less shorter life expectancy a Men’s health inequality?

Answer 5

(avg. 5 years less)​
- Gap between life expectancies is greater in higher income countries​
- Suffer life-limiting disease sooner​
- Higher mortality rate​
- More accidental injury + interpersonal violence​

Question 6

7 pillars of self care

Answer 6

1. Knowledge and health literacy​
2. Mental wellbeing​
3. Physical activity​
4. Healthy eating​
5. Risk avoidance​
6. Good hygiene​
7. Rational use of products and services​

Question 7

What is self care in relation to lifestyle medicine?

Answer 7

-What people do for themselves to establish and maintain health + to prevent and deal with illness​

Question 8

How is self care beneficial in relation to lifestyle medicine?

Answer 8

Can modify personal + intermediate risk factors for NCDs​

Help with communicable disease via risk avoidance, good hygiene, health literacy​

Question 9

What is the self care continuum?

Answer 9

Healthy behaviours → acute conditions + trauma​

e.g. Daily choices → lifestyle → self managed ailments → minor ailments → long term conditions →acute conditions → compulsory psychiatric care → major trauma​

Question 10

What are self care behaviours?

Answer 10

Activation, Incentivisation, Nudges, Gamification, Personalisation​

E.g. lifestyle medicine, HiAP approach​

Question 11

Risk factors for drug misuse?

Answer 11

ACEs​

Struggling with mental health​

Apart from these, very diverse​

Question 12

Impact of drug misuse?

Answer 12

Smoked – lung issues​

Injected – blood clots, bacterial skin infections, viral infections (HIV, Hep C)​

Struggle with formal work​

Less able to look after others​

Violence and abuse associated with drug trade​

Question 13

Support and treatment for drug misuse?

Answer 13

GP, secondary care, psychiatry services, specialist services​

Methadone - heroin substitute​

Non-medication pain management​

Question 14

What is alcohol misuse?

Answer 14

> 14 units per week of binge drinking

Question 15

Risk factors for alcohol misuse?

Answer 15

Men + middle aged​

Less deprived (although more harm to more deprived – alcohol harm paradox)​

Mental illness​

Abuse during childhood​

Question 16

Impacts of alcohol misuse?

Answer 16

Relationship breakdown, domestic abuse, crime, road traffic accidents​

Question 17

Support and treatments for alcohol misuse?

Answer 17

Brief advice + self-help + follow up (If unsuccessful – extended brief intervention/CBT)​

Planned withdrawal (primary care/specialist)​

Reducing doses of chlordiazepoxide then acamprosate​

Question 18

Acute withdrawal symptoms of alcohol misuse?

Answer 18

Hypertension, tachycardia, sweating, tremor, agitation​

Delirium tremens: confusion, seizures, hallucinations, hyperthermia​

Admit to hospital!!!

Question 19

Risk factor for alcohol misuse withdrawal symptoms?

Answer 19

​

Wernicke’s Encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency)​