Adult and Pediatric Hip Anatomy and Pathology

Question 1

What 3 bones form the pelvis?

Answer 1

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

Question 2

What surface of the acetabulum- horseshoe-shaped articular surface on peripheral acetabulum, articulates w/ femoral head?

Answer 2

Lunate surface

Question 3

What major muscle inserts onto the LESSER trochanter?

Answer 3

Illiopsoas

Question 4

What are the ADDuctor muscles?

Answer 4

Adductor longus, magnus, and brevis - insert onto linea aspera

Question 5

What is the largest nerve in the body?

Answer 5

Sciatic

Question 6

What does the sciatic nerve branch into?

Answer 6

Common peroneal and tibial

Question 7

Capsule distention at femoral neck greater than what measurement is considered hip effusion?

Answer 7

> 7mm

Question 8

T or F? Colour doppler on Ultrasound can rule out infection

Answer 8

FALSE - need aspiration

Question 9

What disorder occurs when synovial villi develop ossified bodies and may break off and become loose in joint?

Answer 9

Synovial chondromatosis

Question 10

What synovial disorder of the hip is an overgrowth & thickening of the synovium - a type of giant cell tumor?

Answer 10

PVNS - pigmented villonodular synovitis

Question 11

The iliopsoas is formed by what two muscles?

Answer 11

Iliacus and psoas

Question 12

What muscles are involved in “snapping hip syndrome” ?

Answer 12

Iliacus complex

Question 13

Where does the rectus femoris originate?

Answer 13

AIIS - anterior inferior iliac spine

Question 14

What glute tendons insert onto the greater trochanter?

Answer 14

Medius and minimus

Question 15

What structures are referred to as the “rotator cuff of the hip”?

Answer 15

Gluteal tendons and trochanter

Question 16

What facet of the greater trochanter does the glute minimus insert onto?

Answer 16

Anterior facet

Question 17

What facet of the greater trochanter does the glute medius insert onto?

Answer 17

Lateral and superoposterior

Question 18

What is the most common cause of an irritable hip in children?

Answer 18

Transient synovitis- is a viral infection

Question 19

An anterior joint space in a child greater than what measurement is abnormal and is considered an effusion?

Answer 19

> 5mm

Question 20

What pathology is known as inflammation of synovial joint capsule caused by a viral infection moving to the hip?

Answer 20

Transient synovitis

Question 21

What pathology occurs when blood supply to the femoral head is interrupted, and bone cells begin to necrosis, causing a flattened head?

Answer 21

Perthe’s disease

Question 22

Window of opportunity to treat DDH within the first?

A) 5 months
B) 6 months
C) 7 months
D) 8 months

Answer 22

6 months

Question 23

What are the risk factors of DDH?

Answer 23

First born
Female
Family history
Breeched
Oligohydramnios

Question 24

What are the normal alpha and beta angles to determine DDH?

Answer 24

Alpha - >60 degrees

Beta - <55 degrees

Question 25

What percentage is considered normal in DDH according to Morin's method?

Answer 25

> 52%

Question 26

The iliac bone forms what portion of the acetabulum? A) Anterior B) Posterior C) Superior D) Inferior

Answer 26

C) Superior

Question 27

The pubis forms what portion of the acetabulum? A) Anterior B) Posterior C) Superior D) Inferior

Answer 27

A) Anterior

Question 28

What landmark is also known as the 'sit bones'?

Answer 28

Ischial tuberosity

Question 29

What landmark separates the greater and lesser sciatic notch?

Answer 29

Ischial spine

Question 30

What surface of the acetabulum articulates with the femoral head? A) Glenoid B) Lunate C) Articulum D) Trochlear

Answer 30

B) Lunate surface

Question 31

The acetabulum and femoral head are lined by what kind of cartilage?

Answer 31

Hyaline

Question 32

The greater trochanter of the femur is the attachment site for what muscles?

Answer 32

Glute medius Glue minimus Obturator internus Piriformis

Question 33

The lesser trochanter of the femur is the attachment site for what muscles?

Answer 33

Iliopsoas

Question 34

What facet of the greater trochanter does the gluteus minimus insert?

Answer 34

Anterior

Question 35

What facet of the greater trochanter does the gluteus medius insert?

Answer 35

Lateral & superoposterior

Question 36

Where does the gluteus maximus insert?

Answer 36

Gluteal tuberosity on femur - BELOW the trochanters and IT tract

Question 37

What is the mneumonic for the adductor muscles?

Answer 37

Alabam(a)

Question 38

What are the origin and insertion of the hamstring semi-membranosus and semi-tendinosis?

Answer 38

O: ischial tuberosity I: Proximal tibia

Question 39

What is the origin and insertion of the biceps femoris long head?

Answer 39

O: ischial tuberosity I: Fibular apex

Question 40

What muscles make up the iliopsoas complex?

Answer 40

Iliacus Psoas major Psoas minor

Question 41

What muscle is the primary hip flexor and assists in external rotation of the hip joint?

Answer 41

Iliopsoas

Question 42

The greater trochanteric bursae is between the insertion of what muscles?

Answer 42

Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

Question 43

T or F? The greater trochanteric bursae is superficial to the gluteus maximum?

Answer 43

FALSE - it is deep

Question 44

The anterior/superior labrum of the hip can be seen between what two bones?

Answer 44

Acetabulum and femoral head

Question 45

What muscle is superior to the anterior/superior labrum?

Answer 45

Psoas muscle

Question 46

Hip effusion is classified as capsule distention at? A) Acetabulum B) Femoral Head C) Femoral Neck

Answer 46

C) Femoral Neck

Question 47

What is a common pitfall when assessing the hip joint capsule for thickening?

Answer 47

If the hip is INTERNALLY rotated, it will cause capsule thickening in the absence of pathology

Question 48

Where does the iliopsoas muscle insert?

Answer 48

Femoral head

Question 49

Where does the DH and IH of the rectus femoris originate?

Answer 49

DH - AIIS IH - Acetabulum

Question 50

Maximal bursal distention of the lateral hip will be noted where? (hint: which facet?)

Answer 50

Posterior facet of GT

Question 51

Trochanteric pain syndrome symptoms are due to what?

Answer 51

Tendinopathy of Glute minimus and medius