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SARTECH II > Adult and Pediatric First Aid/CPR/AED > Flashcards

Adult and Pediatric First Aid/CPR/AED Flashcards

1
Q

AED

A

Automatic External Defibrillator

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2
Q

The order of the 3 C’s ?

A
  1. Check and gain Consent
  2. Call
  3. Care
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3
Q

Risk level of catching a disease while giving first aid?

A

Very low. Handwashing and using personal protective equipment (PPE), such as latex-free disposable gloves and breathing barriers, reduces your risk even further.

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4
Q

Should you wait to give care if you don’t have PPE?

A

According to Red Cross, No. Risk of infection is low.

Note: If PPE isn’t available, don’t wait until you have PPE to take action. Remember, your risk for infection is very low so you can provide care without PPE. Just make sure to wash your hands as soon as possible after giving care and avoid touching your mouth and eyes.

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5
Q

How to properly remove Latex-free disposable gloves?

A
  1. Use right hand to pinch latex glove at the left wrist
  2. Pull off the left glove using the pinched material
  3. Continue to hold the removed left glove in the right hand.
  4. Use the ungloved left hand to slide index and middle finger under the wrist of the right glove. Do not touch the outside of the glove.
  5. Remove the glove – TURNING IT INSIDE OUT. Also, the other glove will be on the inside of the turned-out glove.
  6. Glove can then be carried with hands since no contaminated surfaces are exposed.
  7. Throw away inside-out gloves
  8. Wash hands with soap and hot water
  • At no point is the outside of either glove touched with the ungloved hands
  • Both gloves are folded inside-out together
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6
Q

Types of PPE?

A
  1. Latex-free disposable gloves
  2. CPR breathing mask
  3. Face mask
  4. Eye protection
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7
Q

How long to wash hands with soap and water?

A

At least 20 seconds.

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8
Q

CHECK - CALL - CARE

A

CHECK:
- Safety of scene / Situational Awareness
- Check person and Form Initial impression. DO NOT TOUCH THE PERSON.
- Obtain Consent. Introduce yourself and say what you will do. An unresponsive person may not be able to give consent – Consent is IMPLIED under the law.

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9
Q

Form the Initial Impression?

A
  • Is the person responsive or unresponsive?
  • Does the person appear to be breathing?
  • Does the person look sick or hurt?
  • Is there a visible injury or bleeding?
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10
Q

Person appears unresponsive?

A
  • Check for responsiveness
  • Check for breathing
  • Check for life-threatening bleeding
  • Check other life-threatening conditions
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11
Q

How to check for responsiveness?

A

Shout - Tap on both shoulders - Shout

Infant: Tap on bottom of Foot

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12
Q

How to check for breathing?

A
  • Turn on back
  • Check for normal breathing
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13
Q

Life-threatening emergency

A
  • Not breathing
  • Unresponsive
  • Life-threatening bleeding
  • Other life-threatening conditions

Immediately stop CHECK and CALL 911. Then continue with medical attention to my level of training.

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14
Q

Step 1: CHECK

A
  • Check the scene for safety.
  • Check the person.
  • Form an initial impression. (Does the person appear unresponsive or appear to have life-threatening bleeding or another life-threatening condition?)
  • Obtain consent from the person or parent/guardian.
  • Check the person who appears unresponsive (use shout, tap, shout and check for breathing, life-threatening bleeding or another obvious life-threatening condition).
  • Continue to check the person who is experiencing non-life-threatening illness or injury (ask questions using SAM and do a focused check).

Note: If, during the initial impression, you determine that the person appears to be experiencing a life-threatening sudden illness, immediately call 9-1-1, get the equipment and give general care for the condition found. Then, continue your check (as appropriate) to determine if additional care is needed.

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15
Q

SAM

A

S - Signs and symptoms
A - Allergies
M - Medications and medical conditions

  1. What is bothering you?
  2. Do you have any allergies?
  3. Are you taking any medications?
  4. Do you have any medical conditions?
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16
Q

What questions do you ask to identify non-life threatening conditions?

A

SAM

S - Signs and symptoms
A - Allergies
M - Medications and medical conditions

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17
Q

Focus check ?

A

To look more closely at the area that is informed by the Initial Impression or information from the patient.

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18
Q

How to instruct to call 911?

A

If cannot call 911 yourself, then:

  1. Look directly at one specific person
  2. Say “You, call 911”
  3. Confirm the 911 call while giving Care
  • It is advisable to put the 911 call on speaker-mode to receive additional assistance and care advice from the 911 dispatcher
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19
Q

How to give Care ?

A

Care:
- Give care consistent with your knowledge and training
- Offer to assist the person with medication administration if needed
- Help the person rest in the most comfortable position
- Keep the person from getting chilled or overheated
- Reassure the person: “911 is on the way”
- Continue to watch the person’s condition

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20
Q

Besides calling 911, what else can you do during the CALL step?

A

Get or send someone to get an AED, a first aid kit and a bleeding control kit (if necessary).

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21
Q

When is the Recovery Position utilized?

A

If the person the is unresponsive or has problem breathing, need to move them to prevent the risk of choking or aspiration

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22
Q

How to put a person into the Recovery Position?

A
  1. Position self on one side of person lying on their back.
  2. Raise the arm of the person closest to you above their head.
  3. Roll person toward you onto their side so that their head rests on their outstretched arm.
  4. Bend both of their knees forward with feet back in order to stabilize their body in the Recovery Position.
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23
Q

You are working in a senior center when you hear a thud and someone yells out that a man has collapsed. The scene is safe, but the man appears unresponsive. What should you do next?

A

Check for responsiveness by using the shout-tap-shout sequence while checking for breathing, life-threatening bleeding and other life-threatening conditions.

When a person appears unresponsive, you should always check for responsiveness by shouting the person’s name if you know it, tapping them on the shoulder or arm for an adult or a child or the bottom of the foot for an infant, and shouting their name again. While checking for responsiveness, you should also check for breathing, life-threatening bleeding and other life-threatening conditions. Consent is implied when an adult appears unresponsive. If the unresponsive person is a minor, you need to obtain consent from a parent or guardian before doing the shout, tap, shout.

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24
Q

During your interview of the person using SAM, they told you that they have a lot of pain in their left arm and that it is throbbing. What should you do next?

A

Do a focused check of their left arm.

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25
Q

In this video, the responder followed the Call step to ensure that help was on the way and that she had the necessary equipment to care for the person. Which of the following actions accurately demonstrates the Call step?

A

The call step includes calling 9-1-1 and getting the AED, a first aid kit and, if necessary, a bleeding control kit or telling someone to do so.

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26
Q

Your co-worker fell off of a tall ladder and hit their head quite hard. You can see they have a large lump and they are bleeding a lot. You suspect a potentially life-threatening injury. You tell them you are trained in first aid and want to help them. They tell you, no; that they are fine and it is no big deal. What should you do?

A

If you ask for consent to care and the person tells you no, you must respect their wishes. However, you can call 9-1-1, or tell someone to do so, if you think they need help.

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27
Q

What do you do once you have determined that the scene is safe?

A

Form an initial impression, obtain consent to care and use PPE.

It is important to form an initial impression of what is going on with the person and obtain consent to give care.

Forming an initial impression will give you an idea of what is going on with the person. Does the person appear unresponsive? Do they seem to be breathing? Are they bleeding a lot? Do they look sick or hurt?

Obtaining consent will provide legal protection. State who you are and that you are trained to give care. If the person does not want your help, do not give care. Call 9-1-1 and wait for help to arrive.

If the person is unresponsive, consent is implied. If the person is a minor, obtain consent from the parent or guardian if they are present. If they are not present, consent is implied.

It is also important to use PPE before touching a person.

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27
Q

What is Cardiac Arrest?

A

Cardiac arrest occurs when the heart stops beating or beats too ineffectively to keep blood flowing to the brain and other vital organs.

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28
Q

What can cause Cardiac Arrest?

A
  • Heart attack
  • Drowning
  • Breathing emergencies
  • Trauma
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29
Q

Signs of Cardiac Arrest?

A
  • Not responsive
  • Not breathing or only has gasping breaths
  • No heartbeat
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30
Q

If suspect someone is in Cardiac Arrest?

A
  1. Call or instruct someone to call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number immediately and get the AED and first aid kit.
  2. Begin CPR immediately.
  3. Use an AED as soon as possible.
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31
Q

After recognizing that a person is in cardiac arrest (unresponsive and not breathing), you call 9-1-1 and send someone to get an AED. What is your next step?

A

Start CPR by giving chest compressions and breaths

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32
Q

Is high-quality CPR critical?

A

Yes, it can double or triple a person’s chance of survival

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33
Q

Components of High-Quality CPR

A
  1. Compression Rate: 100 to 120 per minute
  2. Compression Depth: at least 2 inches
  3. Chest Position between compressions returns to normal
  4. Minimize necessary interruptions in chest compressions to less than 10 seconds
  5. Breaths: last about 1 second and chest begins to rise
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34
Q

Compression Rate

A

100 to 120 per minute

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35
Q

Compression Depth

A

At least 2 inches for an Adult

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36
Q

Chest position between compressions

A

Returns to normal position

37
Q

Minimize necessary interruptions

A

Less than 10 seconds pause between chest compressions

38
Q

Minimize unnecessary breaths

A

Each breath lasts about 1 second and chest begins to rise

39
Q

Ratio of compressions to breaths in CPR

A

30:2 – 30 chest compressions and then 2 breaths

40
Q

What do chest compressions do?

A

Chest compressions move blood and carry oxygen to the brain and other vital organs

41
Q

How far to tilt the head back?

A

Past-neutral position

42
Q

If the chest does not begin to rise?

A

Reopen the airway and give a second breath.

43
Q

If chest doesn’t rise after reopening the airway?

A

The person may be in cardiac arrest due to choking

44
Q

CPR Cycle

A

30 compressions to 2 breaths

But: If drowning, start with 2 breaths and then 30 compressions.

45
Q

Continue to give CPR Cycles

A
  • Breathing
  • EMS arrive
  • Alone and too tired
  • Someone else to take over
  • Scene becomes unsafe
  • An AED is ready
46
Q

Give Chest Compressions

A
  1. Position of person on their back and on hard surface
  2. Body placement next to the person on knees spread about shoulder width apart
  3. Hand Placement: Place the heel of one hand in the center of the person’s chest, with your other hand on top. Interlace your fingers and make sure the fingers are up off the chest.
  4. Body Position: Position your body so that your shoulders are directly over your hands and lock your elbows to keep your arms straight.
  5. Compression Rate and Depth: Keeping your arms straight, use your body’s weight to compress the center of the chest to a depth of at least 2 inches and a rate of between 100 and 120 compressions per minute, or one about every half second. After each compression, let the chest return to its normal position.
47
Q

To Give Breaths with a Face Shield:

A
  1. First, place the face shield over the person’s face, ensuring the one-way valve is over their mouth.
  2. Open the airway to a past-neutral position using the head-tilt/chin-lift technique.
  3. Pinch the nose shut, take a normal breath and make a complete seal over the person’s mouth.
  4. Blow into their mouth for about 1 second, while looking to see that the chest begins to rise.
  5. Allow the person’s chest to fall and the air to exit while you take another breath, make a seal and give a second breath.
48
Q

To Give Breaths with a Pocket Mask:

A
  1. Place the mask over the person’s nose and mouth; it should not go past the chin.
  2. Seal the mask to the face with your hands.
  3. Lift the person’s face into the mask and open the airway to a past-neutral position.
  4. Maintain a good seal.
  5. Take a normal breath and make a complete seal over the mask valve with your mouth.
  6. Blow into the one-way valve for about 1 second, while looking to see that the chest begins to rise.
  7. Allow the person’s chest to fall and the air to exit while you take another breath, make a seal and give a second breath.
49
Q

Pro Tip: Keep the Airway Open during breaths

A

When you lean down to the person to give each breath, maintain an open airway in the past-neutral position, being careful not to push the head down.

50
Q

Give CPR Cycles

A

30 Compressions
Push hard and fast at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute and a depth of at least 2 inches.

Allow the chest to return to a normal position between each compression.

2 Breaths
Each breath should last about 1 second and make the chest begin to rise. Pause between the breaths to allow the person’s chest to fall and the air to exit.

51
Q

When to swap with another trained CPR?

A

When tiring or after every 5 CPR Cycles (about every 2 minutes)

52
Q

Compression-only CPR

A

If you are unable or unwilling for any reason to perform full CPR (chest compressions with breaths), give continuous chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute after calling 9-1-1.

53
Q

What is it important to do between giving the first and second breath?

A

Between giving the first and second breath, allow the person’s chest to fall and the air to exit while you take another breath, make a seal and give a second breath. This allows air to exit so that the next breath can effectively enter.

54
Q

When to use the AED?

A

Use the AED as soon as possible, but do not delay compressions to find or use the AED!

55
Q

Steps to Using an AED

A
  1. Turn on AED.
  2. Remove clothing covering the chest and wipe chest dry if necessary.
  3. Place pads correctly.
  4. Plug the pad connector cable into the AED if necessary.
  5. CLEAR everyone from touching the person while AED analyzes the heart rhythm.
  6. CLEAR everyone from touching the person if a shock is advised.
  7. Push the shock button to deliver a shock.
  8. After the shock is delivered, immediately start CPR beginning with compressions.
56
Q

AED pad placement for an Adult

A

In an adult, one AED pad must be placed on the upper right side of the person’s chest and one must be placed on the lower left side of the person’s chest.

57
Q

AED and water

A

A person must be removed from water (puddle or body of water) before using the AED.

It is safe to use an AED in rain and snow and when the person is lying on a metal surface

58
Q

AED Fact Check

A

In an adult, one AED pad must be placed on the upper right side of the person’s chest and one must be placed on the lower left side of the person’s chest.

Pediatric AED pads should never be used on anyone over 8 years of age or weighing more than 55 pounds (25 kilograms).

A person must be removed from water (puddle or body of water) before using the AED.

It is safe to use an AED on pregnant women, in rain and snow, and when the person is lying on a metal surface.

An AED is also safe to use on a person with an implantable medical device (e.g., pacemaker) but the AED pads should not be placed directly over the device.

It is not necessary to shave a person’s chest hair before applying the AED pads nor remove jewelry or piercings before using the AED.

59
Q

CPR/AED when two or more CPR trained responders?

A

One person does CPR while the other operates the AED = no pause of CPR.

Switch roles but remain in position after pushing the shock button or if no shock is advised (about every 2 minutes).

60
Q

AED Placement

A

Place one pad on the upper right side of the chest and the other on the lower left side of the chest, a few inches below the left armpit as this is best position for delivery of the shock to the heart.

  • NOTE: This is in relation to the patient’s chest. For the Responder: The upper right pad will be facing the LEFT, and the lower Left pad will be on the lower RIGHT side to the Responder.
61
Q

You are using an AED on an older adult in cardiac arrest. They are wearing a sweatshirt. You need to remove the sweatshirt before you place the pads on the chest. True or False?

A

True. Remove all clothing covering the chest as needed to place the AED pads. The shock should be delivered from the pads directly to the person’s skin.

62
Q
A
63
Q

You have just given a shock to a person in cardiac arrest. You should check to see if the person is breathing before starting CPR again. True or False?

A

As soon as the shock is delivered, or if no shock is advised, immediately start CPR, beginning with compressions. Even after a successful shock, a person will still have low flow and starting CPR immediately will help.

64
Q

After using the AED what is the next step?

A

Immediately start CPR beginning with compressions. Do not need to remove the AED pads.

65
Q

Most common causes of cardiac arrest in children and infants

A
  • Breathing emergencies
  • Asthma
  • Bronchitis
  • Drowning
  • Choking
  • Shock
  • Abnormalities in heart structure or function from birth
66
Q

Definition of Child

A

A child is defined as someone from the age of 1 to the onset of puberty, as evidenced by breast development in girls and underarm hair development in boys (usually around the age of 12). When giving care, follow child techniques and use appropriately sized equipment. The use of pediatric versus adult AED pads is slightly different and, for children, varies by age and weight.

67
Q

Adolescent

A

An adolescent is defined as someone from the onset of puberty through adulthood. When giving care, follow adult techniques and use appropriately sized equipment.

68
Q

Infant

A

An infant is defined as someone under the age of 1. When giving care, follow infant techniques and use appropriately sized equipment.

69
Q

Compression Depth for children

A

For children, only compress about 2 inches. For adults, it is at least 2 inches.

70
Q

One-Hand CPR Technique

A

For a smaller child, you may use one hand to give compressions if you can compress deep enough.

1 Only use with a small child.
2 Only use if you can compress deep enough.
3 Use one hand instead of two.
4 Place the heel of one hand in the center of the chest.
5 Compress the center of the chest about 2 inches.

71
Q

Breath differences with Children CPR ?

A

Use the head-tilt/chin-lift technique but tilt the head back to a slightly past-neutral position, which is a little less than for an adult.

72
Q

What is the Child’s CPR Cycle?

A

It is the same, consisting of 30 compressions and 2 breaths

30 Compressions
Push hard and fast at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute and a depth of about 2 inches.

Allow the chest to return to a normal position between each compression.

2 Breaths
Each breath should last about 1 second and make the chest begin to rise.

  • Remember: Smooth transition between compressions and breaths
73
Q

When drowning is the suspected cause of cardiac arrest, what should the responder do first?

A

CPR cycles begin with 30 compressions followed by 2 breaths. However, when drowning is the suspected cause of cardiac arrest, the responder should give 2 initial breaths before starting CPR.

74
Q
A
75
Q

When giving chest compressions, the goal is to do which of the following?

A

When giving chest compressions, the goal is to push hard and fast.

76
Q

High-quality CPR for Infants

A

Nearly the same as for Children and Adults

77
Q

Encircling Thumb Technique

A

Place both thumbs (side-by-side) on the center of the infant’s chest just below the nipple line. Use other fingers to encircle the infant’s chest toward the back, providing support.

Compression rate: Compress at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute.

COMPRESSION DEPTH
Compress to a depth of about 1 ½ inches.

78
Q

Where should the infant be to perform quality CPR?

A

Ensure that they are on their back on a firm, flat surface such as the ground or a stable tabletop. If they are in stroller or on a soft surface, carefully move them to a firm, flat surface.

79
Q

Two-Finger Technique

A
  1. Body Position
    Stand or kneel to the side of the infant.
  2. Finger Placement
    Place two fingers on the center of the infant’s chest just below the nipple line.
  3. Hand Placement
    Place other hand on the infant’s forehead to keep the airway open.
  4. Compression Rate
    Compress at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute.
  5. Compression Depth
    Compress to a depth of about 1 ½ inches.
80
Q

What if unable to compress the 1.5 inches on an Infant using the Two-Finger Technique or the Encircling Thumb Technique?

A

Use the One-Hand Technique that was described previously for a child.

81
Q

Angle of head for Infant CPR?

A

Use the head-tilt/chin-lift technique to open the infant’s airway to a neutral position.

ALERT: When opening the infant’s airway, do not tilt their head back too far; overextending their airway can block it.

82
Q

CPR Cycles for Infant

A

Same. Each CPR cycle consists of 30 chest compressions and 2 breaths.

Responder using encircling thumbs technique to give chest compressions to infant
30 Compressions
Push hard and fast at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute and a depth of about 1 1/2 inches.

Allow the chest to return to a normal position between each compression.

Responder opening infant’s airway to neutral position
2 Breaths
Each breath should last about 1 second and make the chest begin to rise.

83
Q

When giving breaths to an infant with a face shield, you should cover which body parts of the infant with your mouth?

A

Nose and mouth

84
Q

AED use for Children and Infants

A

For anyone above 8 years or above 55 pounds, use Adult pads for AED.

Use pediatric AED pads for under 8 years

85
Q

What if there are no Infant AED pads?

A

It is acceptable to use Adult AED pads. However: THE AED Pads CANNOT touch each other. If necessary place one AED pad on the chest and one on the back

86
Q

Placement of AED pads for Infants?

A

Pad choice: Use pediatric pads if available. If there are no pediatric pads available, it is ok to use adult pads.

Pad placement: Always use front/back placement. One pad in middle of the chest and the other on the back, between the shoulder blades.

87
Q

Pad placement: Children up to 8 years of age and/or weighing less than 55 pounds (25 kg):

A

Pad choice:
Use pediatric pads if available. If there are no pediatric pads available, it is ok to use adult pads.

Pad placement:
One pad on the upper right side of the chest and the other on the lower left side of the chest, a few inches below the left armpit OR, if pads touch in this position, one pad in the middle of the chest and the other on the back, between the shoulder blades.

88
Q

Pad Placement: Children older than 8 years of age and/or weighing more than 55 pounds (25 kg):

A

Pad choice: Always use adult pads.
Pad placement: One pad on the upper right side of the chest and the other on the lower left side of the chest, a few inches below the left armpit.

89
Q
A

SARTECH II (4 decks)

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