Adult and Pediatric Emergency Drugs Flashcards
Familiarize and Memorize
May have beneficial and adverse effects. Promote optimal airway and breathing before administering any pharmacologic agents.
Oxygen as an emergency drug
Decrease platelet aggregation
Aspirin
Dilates coronary arteries, improves blood flow to an ischemic myocardium. Treats angina, myocardial infarction, acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Nitroglycerin
Relieves chest pain, treats acute pulmonary edema, dilates venous vessels, and reduces the workload on the heart.
Morphine sulfate
Reverses action of morphine.
Naloxone
Treats hemodynamically significant bradycardia and some types of heart block.
Atropine sulfate
First-line drug of choice to treat paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia/paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Adenosine
Second-line agent after adenosine to treat PSVT/PAF
Diltiazem
IV form is first-line agent in ACLS for treatment of life-threatening ventricular dysrhythmias and cardiac arrest
Amiodarone
Treats significant ventricular dysrhythmias.
Lidocaine
Treats refractory ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, cardiac arrest associates with hypomagnesemia, life-threatening ventricular dysrhythmias from digitalis toxicity.
Magnesium sulfate
Treats profound bradycardia and hypotension, asystole, pulseless ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation.
Epinephrine
Treats severe metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, acidotic states related to specific drug overdose situations.
Sodium bicarbonate
Osmotic diuretic used in emergency, trauma, critical care, and neurosurgical settings to treat cerebral edema and to reduce increased intracranial pressure.
Mannitol
Reverses the effects of opiate drugs by competitively binding to opiate receptor sites.
Naloxone
Reversal agent for the respiratory depressant and sedative effects of benzodiazepines.
Flumazenil
Prevents absorption of toxins in body if ingested substance is known to be affected by charcoal in the GI tract.
Activated charcoal
Treats hypotensive shock states, increases heart rate in bradycardia when unresponsive to atropine.
Dopamine
Antidote for extravasation of dopamine
Phentolamine
Positive inotropic, positive chronotropic, and mild vasodilation. Used in shock to improve cardiac output.
Dobutamine
Potent vasoconstrictor used in shock states when unresponsive to dopamine and dobutamine.
Norepinephrine
Drug of choice to treat anaphylactic shock and acute, severe asthmatic attack.
Epinephrine
Reverses bronchoconstriction in anaphylactic shock, asthma, COPD, inflammatory narrowing of airways.
Albuterol
Antihistamine administered with epinephrine to treat anaphylactic shock.
Diphenhydramine
Concentrated, high-carbohydrate solution treats insulin-induced hypoglycemia or insulin shock.
Dextrose 50%
Pancreas-produced hormone that elevates blood glucose by stimulating glycogenolysis for severe hypoglycemia or insulin shock.
Glucagon
Diastolic BP that exceeds 120 mmHg; systolic BP exceeding 180 to 200 mmHg.
Hypertensive crisis
Fluid accumulation in the lungs due to congestion or cardiac disorders.
Pulmonary edema
Lowers heart rate, BP, myocardial contractility, myocardial oxygen consumption. Reduces vasoconstriction resulting from sympathetic nervous system stimulation.
Labetalol
Immediate direct arterial and venous vasodilator to reduce severe hypertension.
Nitroprusside sodium
Promotes renal excretion of water, sodium, chloride, magnesium, hydrogen, calcium, potassium.
Furosemide
Produces venous vasodilation that decreases cardiac preload to treat acute pulmonary edema.
Morphine sulfate
