Adult and Pediatric Emergency Drugs

Question 1

May have beneficial and adverse effects. Promote optimal airway and breathing before administering any pharmacologic agents.

Answer 1

Oxygen as an emergency drug

Question 2

Decrease platelet aggregation

Answer 2

Aspirin

Question 3

Dilates coronary arteries, improves blood flow to an ischemic myocardium. Treats angina, myocardial infarction, acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.

Answer 3

Nitroglycerin

Question 4

Relieves chest pain, treats acute pulmonary edema, dilates venous vessels, and reduces the workload on the heart.

Answer 4

Morphine sulfate

Question 5

Reverses action of morphine.

Answer 5

Naloxone

Question 6

Treats hemodynamically significant bradycardia and some types of heart block.

Answer 6

Atropine sulfate

Question 7

First-line drug of choice to treat paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia/paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

Answer 7

Adenosine

Question 8

Second-line agent after adenosine to treat PSVT/PAF

Answer 8

Diltiazem

Question 9

IV form is first-line agent in ACLS for treatment of life-threatening ventricular dysrhythmias and cardiac arrest

Answer 9

Amiodarone

Question 10

Treats significant ventricular dysrhythmias.

Answer 10

Lidocaine

Question 11

Treats refractory ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, cardiac arrest associates with hypomagnesemia, life-threatening ventricular dysrhythmias from digitalis toxicity.

Answer 11

Magnesium sulfate

Question 12

Treats profound bradycardia and hypotension, asystole, pulseless ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation.

Answer 12

Epinephrine

Question 13

Treats severe metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, acidotic states related to specific drug overdose situations.

Answer 13

Sodium bicarbonate

Question 14

Osmotic diuretic used in emergency, trauma, critical care, and neurosurgical settings to treat cerebral edema and to reduce increased intracranial pressure.

Answer 14

Mannitol

Question 15

Reverses the effects of opiate drugs by competitively binding to opiate receptor sites.

Answer 15

Naloxone

Question 16

Reversal agent for the respiratory depressant and sedative effects of benzodiazepines.

Answer 16

Flumazenil

Question 17

Prevents absorption of toxins in body if ingested substance is known to be affected by charcoal in the GI tract.

Answer 17

Activated charcoal

Question 18

Treats hypotensive shock states, increases heart rate in bradycardia when unresponsive to atropine.

Answer 18

Dopamine

Question 19

Antidote for extravasation of dopamine

Answer 19

Phentolamine

Question 20

Positive inotropic, positive chronotropic, and mild vasodilation. Used in shock to improve cardiac output.

Answer 20

Dobutamine

Question 21

Potent vasoconstrictor used in shock states when unresponsive to dopamine and dobutamine.

Answer 21

Norepinephrine

Question 22

Drug of choice to treat anaphylactic shock and acute, severe asthmatic attack.

Answer 22

Epinephrine

Question 23

Reverses bronchoconstriction in anaphylactic shock, asthma, COPD, inflammatory narrowing of airways.

Answer 23

Albuterol

Question 24

Antihistamine administered with epinephrine to treat anaphylactic shock.

Answer 24

Diphenhydramine

Question 25

Concentrated, high-carbohydrate solution treats insulin-induced hypoglycemia or insulin shock.

Answer 25

Dextrose 50%

Question 26

Pancreas-produced hormone that elevates blood glucose by stimulating glycogenolysis for severe hypoglycemia or insulin shock.

Answer 26

Glucagon

Question 27

Diastolic BP that exceeds 120 mmHg; systolic BP exceeding 180 to 200 mmHg.

Answer 27

Hypertensive crisis

Question 28

Fluid accumulation in the lungs due to congestion or cardiac disorders.

Answer 28

Pulmonary edema

Question 29

Lowers heart rate, BP, myocardial contractility, myocardial oxygen consumption. Reduces vasoconstriction resulting from sympathetic nervous system stimulation.

Answer 29

Labetalol

Question 30

Immediate direct arterial and venous vasodilator to reduce severe hypertension.

Answer 30

Nitroprusside sodium

Question 31

Promotes renal excretion of water, sodium, chloride, magnesium, hydrogen, calcium, potassium.

Answer 31

Furosemide

Question 32

Produces venous vasodilation that decreases cardiac preload to treat acute pulmonary edema.

Answer 32

Morphine sulfate