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Pharmacotherapeutics > Adrenergic & Cholinergic Drugs > Flashcards

Adrenergic & Cholinergic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

All tissues within the body, except skeletal muscles, are innervated by what?

A

Autonomic nervous system (Sympathetic or Parasympathetic)

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2
Q

Sympathetic discharge causes…

A

Increased CO (increased HR & contractility)
Decreased visceral blood flow, increased skeletal blood
Peripheral vasoCONSTRICTION
Increased cellular metabolism
Bronchial RELAXATION (decreased resistance)

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3
Q

Parasympathetic discharge causes…

A

Slowed heart rate and contractility
Increased digestion/absorption
Peripheral vasoDILATION
Bronchial CONSTRICTION (increased resistance)

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4
Q

Neurotransmitters involved in ANS

A

Acetylcholine
Epinephrine & Norepinephrine (SNS - released from adrenal medulla)

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5
Q

Cholinergic receptors include:

A

Nicotinic & Muscarinic receptors

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6
Q

Adrenergic receptors include:

A

Alpha-1, Alpha-2, Beta-1, Beta-2 & Beta-3

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7
Q

Cholinergic Stimulants

A

Direct - Bind to cholinergic receptors & activate them

Indirect - Increase activity at synapses by inhibiting acetylcholinersterase enzyme (enzyme that destroys ACh)

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8
Q

What kind of conditions are Cholinergic Stimulants used to treat?

A

Alzheimer Disease, GI/Bladder issues, Glaucoma, Myasthenia Gravis, & Neuromuscular blockages

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9
Q

Adverse Effects of Cholinergic Stimulants

A

GI distress, increased salivation, bronchoCONSTRICTION, bradycardia, difficulty with visual accomodation, & increased sweating

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10
Q

What are Anti-Nicotinic (Anti-cholinergic) Drugs used for?

A

Hypertension, Block skeletal NMJ (anesthesia)

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11
Q

What are Anti-Muscarinic (Anti-cholinergic) Drugs used for?

A

Gi disorders (IBS), Parkinson’s, Cardiovascular issues (Atropine), Motion sickness, Preoperative medications, UTI, RTI, and pupil dilation

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12
Q

Anticholinergic Side Effects

A

Can’t see, Can’t pee, Can’t poo

Blurry vision, Urinary Retension, & Constipation
Dry mouth, Tachycardia, Confusion, Dizziness, Nervousness & Drowsiness

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13
Q

Alpha-1 Selective Agonists

A

Bind directly to alpha-1 on smooth muscle receptors to activate them and cause vasoCONSTRICTION & CONTRACTION)

Treat: Hypotension, nasal congestion, and SVT by decreasing heart rate and constricting vasculature in upper respiratory mucosa

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14
Q

Side Effects of Alpha-1 Agonists

A

Increased Blood Pressure
Headache
Decreased Heart Rate
Chest Pain
Difficulty Breathing
Nervousness

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15
Q

Alpha-2 Selective Agonists

A

Bind directly to alpha-2 receptors at CNS synapses (Brain/SC)

Treat: Hypertension & spasticity

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16
Q

Side Effects of Alpha-2 Agonists

A

Dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, difficulty breathing, unusually slow HR, fainting

Toxicity or overdose

17
Q

Beta-1 Selective Agonists

A

Bind to beta-1 receptors on myocardium and cause increased HR and myocardial contractility

Treat: Emergency situations and short term CHF requiring increased CO

18
Q

Side Effects of Beta-1 Agonists

A

Chest pain, cardiac arrhythmias, SOB, and difficulty breathing

19
Q

Beta-2 Selective Agonists

A

Bind to beta-2 receptors on bronchiole smooth muscle to cause relaxation and DILATION

Treat: Spasm and constriction associated with Asthma, Bronchitis, and Emphysema

Bronchodilator example: Ventolin

20
Q

Side Effects of Beta-2 Agonists

A

Nervousness, restlessness & trembling

21
Q

Mixed Alpha/Beta Agonists

A

Stimulate both receptors and cause nervous system excitability.

Examples: Epinephrine & ephedrine

22
Q

Side Effects of Mixed Alpha/Beta Agonists

A

Restlessness, Anxiety, HTN & Arrhythmias

23
Q

What are Adrenergic Antagonists referred to as?

A

Sympatholytic drugs – Block receptors that would normally cause sympathetic responses

24
Q

Alpha Antagonists

A

Reduce peripheral vascular tone - Cause VASODILATION by blocking receptors. Primarily used to treat HTN by reducing peripheral vascular resistance

25
Q

Beta Antagonists

A

Decrease contractility of the heart and decrease heart rate by blocking receptors. Used to treat HTN, arrhythmias, angina pectoris, s/p MI, CHF

Cardioselective only bind to beta-1 receptors

26
Q

What occurs if a drug is not selective for beta or alpha receptors?

A

May bind to both receptor types and cause bronchoconstriction along with increased heart rate

26
Q

What occurs if a drug is not selective for beta or alpha receptors?

A

May bind to both receptor types and cause bronchoconstriction along with increased heart rate

27
Q

Adverse effects of Alpha Antagonists

A

Reflex Tachycardia (compensation for when BP drops)
Orthostatic Hypotension (dizziness & syncope)

28
Q

Adverse effects of Beta Antagonists

A

Respiratory distress (when nonselective)
Excessive depression of cardiac function
Orthostatic Hypotension
Depression, Lethargy, Sleep Disorders
Blunted HR response to exercise

Pharmacotherapeutics (13 decks)

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