Adrenergic Agents and Blockers Flashcards

(56 cards)

1
Q

The ultimate effect of the sympathetic system is mediated by the release of?

A

Norepinephrine

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2
Q

Sympathetic activation leads to?

A

Increased alertness

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of action of an indirect adrenergic agonist?

A

Inhibit re-uptake of norepinephrine from the synaptic cleft

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4
Q

What receptor is activated in the pre-synaptic membrane will inhibit neurotransmitter release?

A

Alpha-2

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5
Q

What receptor is activated invovles stimulation of phospholipase c?

A

Alpha-1

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6
Q

What adrenergic system is predominantly found in the heart?

A

Beta-1

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7
Q

Alpha-2 receptor is coupled to what protein?

A

G-protein

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8
Q

Prolonged mechanism of action of ephedrine is due to?

A

Substitution of the alpha carbon

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9
Q

Post-synaptic activation of alpha-1 receptor will lead to?

A

Nasal Decongestion

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10
Q

Beta-2 receptor activation will lead to?

A

Glycogenolysis

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11
Q

A adrenergic agonist which can dilate splanchnic and renal vasculature and can increase contraction and peripheral vascular resistance?

A

Dopamine

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12
Q

Methlydopa is selective for?

A

Alpha-2

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13
Q

Beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists are useful in?

A

Pre-term labor

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14
Q

Bradycardia observed in norepinephrine can be explained by?

A

Baroreceptor reflex

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15
Q

An adolescent brought to the emergency room presenting with aggressive behavior, tremor, anxiety, paranoid state, hypertension and tachycardia was diagnosed to have metamphetamine abuse. What is the action ampetamine?

A

It deplaces norepinephrine from vesicles

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16
Q

What is the side effect of post-synaptic alpha receptor blockade?

A

Orthostatic hypotension

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17
Q

What is the reason behind the avoidance of beta blockers in diabetes?

A

Beta blockers may mask symptoms of hypoglycemia

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18
Q

What enzyme metabolizes metoprolol?

A

Cytochrom P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)

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19
Q

Beta blockers are contraindicated in what condition?

A

Asthma

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20
Q

What beta-1 selective blocker has a half life of 10 to 15 minutes?

A

Esmolol

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21
Q

What drug is a non-selective beta blocker?

A

Propanolol

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22
Q

What drug is both a non-selective beta and alpha blocker?

A

Carvedilol

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23
Q

What drug is a non-selective beta blocker with partial agonist activity?

24
Q

What is the mechanism of action of indirect adrenergic agonists?

25
Adrenoreceptor coupled to Gq-protein and especially found in smooth muscles?
Alpha-1
26
What is structure-activity relationship?
Increase in alkyl substitution in amino group will increase beta receptor activity Decrease substitution in benzene ring will decrease potency Substitution in alpha carbon prolongs drug activity
27
What is the endocrine effect of beta-1 receptor activation?
Stimulation of renin release
28
What is the effect of low dose dopamine in patients with septic shock?
Increase renal blood flow
29
Alpha-2 receptor activation will lead to?
Vasoconstirction Bronchodilation Decrease in insulin and renin release
30
Alpha-1 blockers are beneficial in?
Urinary retention
31
What is an adverse effect of adrenoreceptor blocker?
Severe bradycardia
32
What is the mechanism of action of reserpine?
Inhibits VMAT
33
Additional effect of some beta blockers like labetalol and pirdolol which can prevent untoward effects like asthma and bradycardia is due to?
Partial agonist effect
34
What drug is an alpha 1=alpha 2; beta 1\>\> beta 2?
Phenylephrine
35
What drug is an alpha 1=alpha 2; beta 1=beta 2?
Epinephrine
36
What drug is a beta 1\>beta 2\>\>\>\>alpha?
Terbutalin
37
What drug is a beta 2\>\>beta 1\>\>\>alpha?
Dobutamine
38
What drug is used in diarrhea among diabetic with autonomic neuropathy?
Clonidine
39
What drug is used in anaphylactic shock?
Epinephrine
40
What drug is a long acting selective beta blocker?
Atenolol
41
What drug is a selective alpha-1 antagonist?
Prazosin
42
What drug is an alpha receptor irreversible antagonist?
Phenoxybenzamine
43
What adrenoreceptor inhibits adenyl cyclse causing a decrease in cAMP?
Alpha-2
44
A patient rushed to the emergency room for anaphylactic shock was given IM epinephrine. Resulting vasoconstriction is mediated by which adrenoreceptor?
Alpha-1
45
What adrenoreceptor has this order of potency: isoproterenol\>epinephrine\>\>norepinephrine?
Beta-1
46
A 63 year old male presenting with both hypertension and urinary obstruction secondary to benign prostatic hypertrophy will benefit from what drug?
Prazosin
47
A patient diagnosed to have pheochromocytoma was started in a non-selective alpha antagonist. An example of which is?
Phentolamine Phenoxybenzamine
48
Post-synaptic activation of alpa-1 receptors will lead to what cellular effects?
Increased IP3 and DAG
49
What drug depends on the normal stores of catecholamines for its sympathomimetic action?
Amphetamine
50
Which drug will decrease heart rate in a normal heart but has little or no effect in a denervated heart?
Phenylephrine
51
What are the metabolic effects of beta blockers?
Increased VLDL and decreased HDL with chronic use
52
Beta adrenoreceptor antagonist are used clinically in?
Portal hypertension Glaucoma Chronic heart failure
53
What adrenoreceptors are found on juxtaglomerular cells?
Beta-1
54
What are sympathomimetic effects in the CNS?
Elevation of mood Euphoria Psychosis
55
What beta-1 selective blocker with partial agonist activity will minimize or prevent asthma and bradycardia?
Acetabulol Cartelol Labetalol Pindolol
56