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Pharmacology > Adrenergic Agents and Blockers > Flashcards

Adrenergic Agents and Blockers Flashcards

1
Q

The ultimate effect of the sympathetic system is mediated by the release of?

A

Norepinephrine

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2
Q

Sympathetic activation leads to?

A

Increased alertness

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of action of an indirect adrenergic agonist?

A

Inhibit re-uptake of norepinephrine from the synaptic cleft

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4
Q

What receptor is activated in the pre-synaptic membrane will inhibit neurotransmitter release?

A

Alpha-2

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5
Q

What receptor is activated invovles stimulation of phospholipase c?

A

Alpha-1

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6
Q

What adrenergic system is predominantly found in the heart?

A

Beta-1

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7
Q

Alpha-2 receptor is coupled to what protein?

A

G-protein

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8
Q

Prolonged mechanism of action of ephedrine is due to?

A

Substitution of the alpha carbon

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9
Q

Post-synaptic activation of alpha-1 receptor will lead to?

A

Nasal Decongestion

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10
Q

Beta-2 receptor activation will lead to?

A

Glycogenolysis

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11
Q

A adrenergic agonist which can dilate splanchnic and renal vasculature and can increase contraction and peripheral vascular resistance?

A

Dopamine

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12
Q

Methlydopa is selective for?

A

Alpha-2

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13
Q

Beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists are useful in?

A

Pre-term labor

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14
Q

Bradycardia observed in norepinephrine can be explained by?

A

Baroreceptor reflex

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15
Q

An adolescent brought to the emergency room presenting with aggressive behavior, tremor, anxiety, paranoid state, hypertension and tachycardia was diagnosed to have metamphetamine abuse. What is the action ampetamine?

A

It deplaces norepinephrine from vesicles

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16
Q

What is the side effect of post-synaptic alpha receptor blockade?

A

Orthostatic hypotension

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17
Q

What is the reason behind the avoidance of beta blockers in diabetes?

A

Beta blockers may mask symptoms of hypoglycemia

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18
Q

What enzyme metabolizes metoprolol?

A

Cytochrom P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)

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19
Q

Beta blockers are contraindicated in what condition?

A

Asthma

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20
Q

What beta-1 selective blocker has a half life of 10 to 15 minutes?

A

Esmolol

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21
Q

What drug is a non-selective beta blocker?

A

Propanolol

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22
Q

What drug is both a non-selective beta and alpha blocker?

A

Carvedilol

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23
Q

What drug is a non-selective beta blocker with partial agonist activity?

A

Pindolol

24
Q

What is the mechanism of action of indirect adrenergic agonists?

A

Blocks MAO

25
Q

Adrenoreceptor coupled to Gq-protein and especially found in smooth muscles?

A

Alpha-1

26
Q

What is structure-activity relationship?

A

Increase in alkyl substitution in amino group will increase beta receptor activity

Decrease substitution in benzene ring will decrease potency

Substitution in alpha carbon prolongs drug activity

27
Q

What is the endocrine effect of beta-1 receptor activation?

A

Stimulation of renin release

28
Q

What is the effect of low dose dopamine in patients with septic shock?

A

Increase renal blood flow

29
Q

Alpha-2 receptor activation will lead to?

A

Vasoconstirction

Bronchodilation

Decrease in insulin and renin release

30
Q

Alpha-1 blockers are beneficial in?

A

Urinary retention

31
Q

What is an adverse effect of adrenoreceptor blocker?

A

Severe bradycardia

32
Q

What is the mechanism of action of reserpine?

A

Inhibits VMAT

33
Q

Additional effect of some beta blockers like labetalol and pirdolol which can prevent untoward effects like asthma and bradycardia is due to?

A

Partial agonist effect

34
Q

What drug is an alpha 1=alpha 2; beta 1>> beta 2?

A

Phenylephrine

35
Q

What drug is an alpha 1=alpha 2; beta 1=beta 2?

A

Epinephrine

36
Q

What drug is a beta 1>beta 2>>>>alpha?

A

Terbutalin

37
Q

What drug is a beta 2>>beta 1>>>alpha?

A

Dobutamine

38
Q

What drug is used in diarrhea among diabetic with autonomic neuropathy?

A

Clonidine

39
Q

What drug is used in anaphylactic shock?

A

Epinephrine

40
Q

What drug is a long acting selective beta blocker?

A

Atenolol

41
Q

What drug is a selective alpha-1 antagonist?

A

Prazosin

42
Q

What drug is an alpha receptor irreversible antagonist?

A

Phenoxybenzamine

43
Q

What adrenoreceptor inhibits adenyl cyclse causing a decrease in cAMP?

A

Alpha-2

44
Q

A patient rushed to the emergency room for anaphylactic shock was given IM epinephrine. Resulting vasoconstriction is mediated by which adrenoreceptor?

A

Alpha-1

45
Q

What adrenoreceptor has this order of potency: isoproterenol>epinephrine>>norepinephrine?

A

Beta-1

46
Q

A 63 year old male presenting with both hypertension and urinary obstruction secondary to benign prostatic hypertrophy will benefit from what drug?

A

Prazosin

47
Q

A patient diagnosed to have pheochromocytoma was started in a non-selective alpha antagonist. An example of which is?

A

Phentolamine

Phenoxybenzamine

48
Q

Post-synaptic activation of alpa-1 receptors will lead to what cellular effects?

A

Increased IP3 and DAG

49
Q

What drug depends on the normal stores of catecholamines for its sympathomimetic action?

A

Amphetamine

50
Q

Which drug will decrease heart rate in a normal heart but has little or no effect in a denervated heart?

A

Phenylephrine

51
Q

What are the metabolic effects of beta blockers?

A

Increased VLDL and decreased HDL with chronic use

52
Q

Beta adrenoreceptor antagonist are used clinically in?

A

Portal hypertension

Glaucoma

Chronic heart failure

53
Q

What adrenoreceptors are found on juxtaglomerular cells?

A

Beta-1

54
Q

What are sympathomimetic effects in the CNS?

A

Elevation of mood

Euphoria

Psychosis

55
Q

What beta-1 selective blocker with partial agonist activity will minimize or prevent asthma and bradycardia?

A

Acetabulol

Cartelol

Labetalol

Pindolol

56
Q
A

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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