Adrenergic

Question 1

Tranylcypomine

Answer 1

• Indirect sympathicomimetic, norepinephrine agonist
• Mao(mono amine oxidase) inhibitor, irreversible
• increases free norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine
• also moclobemide
• adverse effects with other drugs-> hypertension

Question 2

Ephedrine

Answer 2

• Indirect sympathicomimetic

- Displaces vesicles increasing norepinephrine release

Question 3

Methylphenidate

Answer 3

• Indirect sympathicomimetic
• Amphetamine
• triple action, displace storage vesicles, inhibits re-uptake and Mao
• Ritalin treat ADD

Question 4

Fenfluramine

Answer 4

• Indirect sympathicomimetic
• Amphetamine, triple action
• appetite suppressant

Question 5

Methamphetamine

Answer 5

• Indirect sympathomimetic
• Amphetamine
• catecholamine depletion leads to decreased effectiveness, post use depression, urge for re-administration

Question 6

Epinephrine

Answer 6

• Nonselective agonist
• activates both alpha and beta receptors
• increase BP(systolic dominant), dilates bronchi
• uses: adjuvant in local anesthetics(increase duration, reduce bleeding), anaphylactic shock, local vasopressor

Question 7

Norepinephrine

Answer 7

• Nonselective agonist, mainly alpha receptors
• Increase both diastolic and systolic pressure
• treatment of hypovolemic shock

Question 8

Methoxamine

Answer 8

• Alpha 1 selective agonist

- treatment of hypotensive state

Question 9

Phenylephrine

Answer 9

• Alpha 1 selective agonist

- Local vasoconstrictor, nasal decongestant

Question 10

Nephazoline

Answer 10

• Alpha 1 selective agonist
• Nasal decongestant
• others: Oxymetazoline, Xylometazoline
• Max 10 day use, reactive hyperemia
• Continued use-> local apoxia-> atrophic damage to nasal mucosa

Question 11

Clonidine

Answer 11

• Alpha 2 agonist, sympathicomimetic, acts like sympathicolytic
• increases re-uptake of norepinephrine
• Treats hypertension
• Also Guanfacine

Question 12

Dobutamine

Answer 12

• Beta 1 selective agonist
• strong inotropic effect with little chronotropic effect
• Short term treatment after surgery
• Dobutamine stress test-> simulates exercise r heart sonogram

Question 13

Albuterol

Answer 13

• Beta 2 agonist
• treat asthma
• Also formoterol, metaproterenol

Question 14

Phentolamine

Answer 14

• Sympathicolytic, non-selective alpha antagonist
• vasodilation-> block alpha 1
• side effect of tachycardia by blocking alpha 2 -> norepinephrine re-uptake-> increase Beta 1 stimulation
• Also Ergot alkaloids

Question 15

Prazosin

Answer 15

• Sympatholytic, Alpha 1 selective antagonist
• Teat hypertension
• Side effect reflex tachycardia, postural hypotension
• Others: Terazosin, Doxazosin ->longer half life

Question 16

Yohimbine

Answer 16

• Alpha 2 selective antagonist
• enters CNS-> increased sympathetic output-> HR, BP
• weight loss supplement and male sexual dysfunction

Question 17

Propranolol

Answer 17

• Beta selective antagonist, Sympatholytic, noncardioselective
• bronchial constriction undesired side effect
• others: nadolol, pindolol, timolol
• labetalol- also alpha 1, potent antihertensive drug

Question 18

Beta selective antagonists

Answer 18

• Treat hypertension, angina pectoris, MI, cardiac dysrhythmias, heart failure, familial tremors, stage fright
• non cardiac effects: anxiolytics, treat muscle tremors

Question 19

Metropolol

Answer 19

• Beta 1 selective antagonist, cardio selective Sympatholytic
• others: atenolol, esmolol(rapid onset, short duration, emergency setting)