adrenergic

Question 1

adrenergic meds

Answer 1

activate adrenergic receptors

lead to similar responses as activating SNS

Question 2

adrenergic meds also reffered to as

Answer 2

sympathomimetics bc its activates SNS

using a parasympatholytic also activates adrenergic receptors by blocking PSNS`

Question 3

adrenergic meds 5 main adrenergic recpetors

Answer 3

Alpha 1
Alpha 2
Beta 1
Beta 2

also
Dopaminergic

Question 4

Alpha 1
location
causes

Answer 4

located in peripheral blood vessel system

when stimulated produces:

*profuse body-wide vasoconstriction
*mydriasis (pupil dilation)

Question 5

Alpha 1 primary uses

Answer 5

Hypotension

homeostasis

nasal decongestion

adjunct to local anesthesia usage

mydriasis (pupil dilation)

Question 6

Alpha 2
location

Answer 6

periphery: minimal consequences

CNS: lead to reduction of sympathetic outflow to the heart and blood vessels

*theoretically will lead to a blockage of alpha 1 stimulation and thus vasodilation state within the periphery

Question 7

alpha 2
end result

Answer 7

sedation

relaxation

hypotension

analgesia

Question 8

Beta 1 (1 heart)
activation
primary uses

Answer 8

increased HR (this why beta blocker used in surgery)
increased contraction force (+inotropic)

primary use:
*Cardiac arrest
*HF
*shock
*AV block

Question 9

beat 2
activation

Answer 9

dilation of bronchial smooth muscles

relaxation of uterine muscle

activation of glycogenolysis
*(conversion of glycogen to glucose within the liver)

Question 10

beta 2 (2lungs)

primary uses

Answer 10

respiratory arrest (opens airway)

asthma (opens airway)

delay of pre-term labor
*(relax uterine muscle so baby stays in longer)

Question 11

Epinephrine (Adrenaline)

Answer 11

stimulates:
alpha 1
alpha 2 (peripherally)
beta 1
beta 2

exception to vasoconstriction
*in liver and skeletal muscles it may cause vasodilation in the arterioles

Question 12

epinephrine (Adrenaline)
main uses

Answer 12

Hypotension

mydriasis (pupil dilation)

bronchodilation (beta 2)

in conjunction with local anesthetics

anaphylactic shock

cardiac arrest

Question 13

epinephrine (Adrenaline)

SE/AR

Answer 13

hypertensive crisis
***(elevated BP, HA, change in vision, N/V)

cardiac dysrhythmias

angina pectoris

hyperglycemia
***(due to glycogenolysis response with beta 2)

Question 14

norephinephrine (Levophed)

Answer 14

stimulates:
alpha 1
alpha 2
beta 1

similar to epinephrine
***(just doesnt activated beta 2 (so no lung activity)

Question 15

norepinephrine (Levophed)

main uses

Answer 15

severe hypotension (causes vasoconstriction)

utilized with cardiac arrest, AV block

with hypotension with decreased organ perfusion (shock)

Question 16

norepinephrine (Levophed)

SE/AR

Answer 16

similar to epi

does not cause hyperglycemia

can cause loss of peripheral limb due to profuse vasoconstriction
comes down to life over limb

Question 17

Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)

Alpha 1

Answer 17

used primarily for short term hypotension

post operatively for wuick resolution of low BP

quick acting

will stress the heart

Question 18

adrenergic antagonists
Does
Used for

Answer 18

block SNS trying to get PSNS

block alpha 1 response or to cause vasodilation

used for:

hypertension
pheochromocytoma (tumor atop adrenal gland causes SNS)
Raynauds disease (vasoconstriction of capilaries)

Question 19

adrenergic antagonists

SE/AR

Answer 19

orthostatic hypotension

reflex tachycardia

nasal congestion

inhibition of ejaculation (bc SNS blocked)

Question 20

Nicotine
What does it release

Answer 20

crosses cell membranes easily and distributed thru body

crosses placental and mammary barriers and can be fatal to fetus

causes rapid release of norepinephrine (peripheral vasoconstriction) thruout body
more likely to have CVA or AMI than respratory issues

Question 21

how nicotine works

Answer 21

nicotinic receptors being activated

higher doses cause nicotinic receptor blockade
***(treated as a poisoning)

Question 22

nicotine absorption

Answer 22

deoends upon the delivery system:

cigarette smoking pulmonary system

cigar smoking and smokeless tobacco oral cavity

Question 23

nicotine effects
Cardiac
GI

Answer 23

cardiac:
↑HR
↑BP
↑cardiac work

GI:
↑gastric secretions
↑tone and motility of GI smooth muscle
can promote vomiting

Question 24

Nicotine
CNS effects

Answer 24

CNS:
temors
alertness
facilitates memory
improves cognitive function
reduces aggression
suppresses appetite

Question 25

Nicotine
treatment of addiction/stopping

Answer 25

*patches:
containdications: HTN, HF, peripheral vascular disease

best with teaching them to stop (behavioral mod therapy)

*Gum:
park and chew: chew then let it sit in gums to absorb

*nicotine inhaler:
mimics hand-mouth motion
helps timulate the back of throat like smoking

*Nasal Spray